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Endocrine glands
Endocrine glands are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary glands are neuroendocrine organs.
Exocrine glands
Exocrine glands are glands that secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct.[1] Examples of exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, prostate and mucous. Exocrine glands are one of two types of glands in the human body, the other being endocrine glands, which secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. The liver and pancreas are both exocrine and endocrine glands; they are exocrine glands because they secrete products—bile and pancreatic juice—into the gastrointestinal tract through a series of ducts, and endocrine because they secrete other substances directly into the bloodstream.
Thyroxine
The thyroid gland is an important part of the endocrine system, secreting a number of hormones that affect everything from heart health to metabolism. One of those hormones is thyroxine, also known as T4. Because of the many functions that thyroxine impacts, it is considered one of the most important thyroid hormones. Understanding thyroxine is crucial to protecting your overall health. Thyroxine is a hormone the thyroid gland secretes into the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, thyroxine travels to the organs, like the liver and kidneys, where it is converted to its active form of triiodothyronine. Thyroxine plays a crucial role in heart and digestive function, metabolism, brain development, bone health, and muscle control. It affects almost all of the body's systems, which means proper thyroxine levels are vital for health. This is why many doctors will test T4 levels along with the more common T3 levels when testing for thyroid disorders.
Insulin is a hormone made in your pancreas, a gland located behind your stomach. It allows your body to use glucose for energy. Glucose is a type of sugar found in many carbohydrates.
After a meal or snack, the digestive tract breaks down carbohydrates and changes them into glucose. Glucose is then absorbed into your bloodstream through the lining in your small intestine. Once glucose is in your bloodstream, insulin causes cells throughout your body to absorb the sugar and use it for energy.
Insulin also helps balance your blood glucose levels. When there’s too much glucose in your bloodstream, insulin signals your body to store the excess in your liver. The stored glucose isn’t released until your blood glucose levels decrease, such as between meals or when your body is stressed or needs an extra boost of energy.
Understanding diabetes
Diabetes occurs when your body doesn’t use insulin properly or doesn’t make enough insulin. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2.
Type 1 diabetes is a type of autoimmune disease. These are diseases that cause the body to attack itself. If you have type 1 diabetes, your body can’t make insulin. This is because your immune system has destroyed all the insulin-producing cells in your pancreas. This disease is more commonly diagnosed in young people, although it can develop in adulthood.
In type 2 diabetes, your body has become resistant to the effects of insulin. This means your body needs more insulin to get the same effects. Therefore, your body overproduces insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal. However, after many years of overproduction, the insulin-producing cells in your pancreas burn out. Type 2 diabetes affects people of any age, but typically develops later in life.
Insulin as treatment for diabetes
Injections of insulin can help treat both types of diabetes. The injected insulin acts as a replacement for or supplement to your body’s insulin. People with type 1 diabetes can’t make insulin, so they must inject insulin to control their blood glucose levels.
Many people with type 2 diabetes can manage their blood glucose levels with lifestyle changes and oral medication. However, if these treatments don’t help to control glucose levels, people with the condition may also need insulin to help control their blood glucose levels.
Answer:
1.) The major difference between the endocrine and exocrine gland is that, an endocrine gland is missing ducts and stays as blocks of tissue. -Endocrine gland secrets chemical substances directly to the blood stream, while exocrine gland secrets its product into a duct
2.). Thyroxine accelerates the differentiation and has a limited action on cell proliferation. Insulin exerts a sustained effect on these two aspects of the intestinal maturation and, furthermore, acts in synergism with thyroxine