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Answer:
1.Some of the demerits of electoral competition in India are : 1.It creates a sense of disunity and 'factionalism' in every locality. 2.Different political parties and leaders often level allegations against one another. 3.Parties and candidates often use dirty tricks to win elections.
Merits:-
It is good to have political competition. A political competition may have many limitations such as it can results in factionalism, disunity and use of dirty tricks to win elections. However, free competitions in elections works better in a longer run.
2.Elections in the Republic of India include elections for :
Members of the Parliament in Lok Sabha,
Members of State Legislative Assemblies, (and also Assembly elections to some of the Union Territories like Delhi),
Members of the lok sabha in Rajya Sabha,
Members of State Legislative Councils,
Members in village panchayats or city corporation councils.
By-election is held when a person of a particular constituent dies, resigns, or is disqualified.
Explanation:
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