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3) The Earth's revolution occurs in two different ways. The Earth revolves around the sun, and it also revolves, or rotates, on its own axis.
The Earth revolves around the sun at a speed of about 67,100 miles per hour. One whole orbit or revolution around the sun takes approximately 365.25 days, which comes out to a year. The extra 0.25 day is accounted in the extra day on leap years every 4 years.
The Earth's axis is tilted slightly, meaning part of the planet is closer to the sun and part of it is farther away at any given time. The actual distance to the sun also changes throughout the year, from a high of 94,509,130 miles around July 4th to a low of 91,402,505 miles around January 3rd. Because the Earth tilts towards the Southern Hemisphere in January , it means that the Southern Hemisphere gets slightly more solar energy than the Northern Hemisphere over the whole year.
The Earth's rotation around the sun and its tilt also produce the seasonal variations in the weather. As the Northern Hemisphere tilts towards the sun, it experiences the warmer temperatures of summer. At the same time, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and experiences winter.
4 )The winter solstice, hiemal solstice or hibernal solstice, also known as midwinter, occurs when one of the Earth's poles has its maximum tilt away from the Sun. It happens twice yearly, once in each hemisphere (Northern and Southern). For that hemisphere, the winter solstice is the day with the shortest period of daylight and longest night of the year, when the Sun is at its lowest daily maximum elevation in the sky.At the pole, there is continuous darkness or twilight around the winter solstice. Its opposite is the summer solstice.
The winter solstice occurs during the hemisphere's winter. In the Northern Hemisphere, this is the December solstice (usually 21 or 22 December) and in the Southern Hemisphere, this is the June solstice (usually 20 or 21 June). Although the winter solstice itself lasts only a moment, the term sometimes refers to the day on which it occurs. Other names are "midwinter", the "extreme of winter" (Dongzhi), or the "shortest day". Traditionally, in many temperate regions, the winter solstice is seen as the middle of winter, but today in some countries and calendars, it is seen as the beginning of winter. In meteorology, winter is reckoned as beginning about three weeks before the winter solstice.
Since prehistory, the winter solstice has been seen as a significant time of year in many cultures, and has been marked by festivals and rituals. It marked the symbolic death and rebirth of the Sun.The seasonal significance of the winter solstice is in the reversal of the gradual lengthening of nights and shortening of days.
5)An equinox is commonly regarded as the instant of time when the plane (extended indefinitely in all directions) of Earth's equator passes through the geometric center of the Sun's disk. This occurs twice each year, around 20 March and 23 September. In other words, it is the moment at which the center of the visible Sun is directly above the equator. The Equinox exists to promote the free flow of information, to protect the First Amendment, to stimulate high standards in the practice of journalism and to foster excellence among student journalists.