dr.b.r ambedkar strived hard to make people realize the importance of education. Discuss
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Ambedkar: An educationist of the marginalized
Ambedkar believed that education is a movement. If it does not fulfil its objectives, it is useless. True education cradles humanity, generates sources of livelihood, imparts wisdom and imbues us with egalitarianism. Meenakshi Meena’s exposition:
Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar’s writings played an important role in turning him into an international figure. For the Dalit community, Dr Ambedkar was a hero towering over all others and a social activist, but for the world at large, Ambedkar was an alert and alive thinker. His credentials as a thinker were established through his articles, books and magazines, and also the newspapers that he published. Among his own books were The Problem of Rupee, Provincial Finance in British India, Annihilation of Caste and Who were the Shudras? The Education Department of the Government of Maharashtra has published a compilation of his writings and speeches in 21 volumes.
Dr B.R. Ambedkar
Some of his books have been translated into and published in Hindi. They include Achoot Kaun Aur Kaise; Shudron Kee Khoj; Buddh Ya Karl Marx; Dharmantarana Kyon; Hindu Nari Ka Utthan Aur Patan; Hindu Dharma Ki Riddle; Ranade, Gandhi Aur Jinnah; Buddh Aur Unka Dhamma; Jatibhed Ka Uchhed; East India Company Ka Prashashan Aur Vitt; and Pracheen Bharatiya Vanijya.
Ambedkar’s writings on education include his deposition before the Indian Statutory Commission in the Bombay Presidency on “State of Education of the Dalits”. His deposition forms part of the compilation Dr Ambedkar: Sampoorna Vangmay (Volume 4). In addition, his article titled “Subsidy for Education” has been included in Dr Ambedkar: Sampoorna Vangmay (Volume 3); this is based on his speech to the Bombay Legislative Council, delivered on 12 March 1927, in which he pleads for increased subsidy from the government on education and also underlines the need for inexpensive education for the deprived sections. In Dr Ambedkar: Sampoorna Vangmay (Volume 19), among other concerns of the SCs, their concerns on education are also listed. They are divided into two parts – under ‘lack of assistance for higher education’ and ‘lack of facilities for technical training’.
Dr Ambedkar’s struggle for Dalits’ education
Whenever we talk of freedom, we forget about the freedom of Dalits. Shortly, we are going to celebrate the anniversary of our freedom from the British. This is the perfect time for talking about the freedom of Dalits. The Dalits were victims of double slavery – and it was Ambedkar who freed them from it. Shaken to the core by Gandhiji’s Civil Disobedience Movement, the British Government convened a Round Table Conference in London on 12 November 1930. A young barrister attending the conference startled everyone by refusing to acknowledge Gandhiji as the leader of all Indians. His name was Dr B.R. Ambedkar. He said that most of the Congress leaders believed in caste-based discrimination and they would not allow the Dalits any say in constitutional processes. That was why, he added, there was a need for separate electorates where the candidates and the electors both would only be Dalits.
On 6 August 1932, British prime minister Ramsay Macdonald announced the Communal Award, under which the Dalits were recognized as distinct from the Hindus and a provision was made for a separate electorate for them. At the time, Gandhiji was incarcerated in the Poona jail. He saw this announcement as a conspiracy to alienate Dalits from the Hindus. On 20 September 1932, Gandhiji began a fast-unto-death in protest against the Communal Award, sending the nation into a tizzy. Dr Ambedkar was urged to save the life of Gandhiji. Bowing to the pressure mounted on him from all sides, Ambedkar agreed for a compromise but on the condition that the Dalits are provided reservations at all levels. Gandhiji agreed, and he broke his fast on 26 September.
In the second half of the 19th century, social reformers had launched an acerbic attack on brahmanical rituals through their books. Jotirao Phule’s Gulamgiri was one of them. In the South, Periyar and Narayan Guru sounded the bugle against the Varna system. A few decades later, Ambedkar was given the responsibility of drafting the Constitution of the newly independent India in due recognition of his merit and scholarship. He became the country’s first law minister. Since then, Ambedkar’s thoughts have grown in relevance with each passing year.
Even before Independence, he was recognized as a jurist of rare intellect. He raised some pertinent questions about education in Indian society while speaking in the Bombay Legislative Council on 12 March 1927. He was deeply concerned that India was lagging behind in education
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