Question

Draw a diagram and explain the erosional and depositional features caused by the course of a river


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Answer 1

Explanation:

Running water, which doesn’t need any further explanation, has two components: one is overland flow on the general land surface as a sheet and the other is linear flow as streams and rivers in valleys.

The overland flow causes sheet erosion and depending upon the irregularities of the land surface, the overland flow may concentrate into narrow to wide paths.

During the sheet erosion, minor or major quantities of materials from the surface of the land are removed in the direction of flow and gradual small and narrow rills will form.

These rills will gradually develop into long and wide gullies, the gullies will further deepen, widen and lengthen and unite to give rise to a network of valleys. (Note: A valley can be formed in various ways like faulting, but here we are dealing only with the formation by means of exogenic geomorphic agent).

Once a valley is formed, it later develops into a stream or river.

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Answer 2

Explanation:

Erosional and depositional landforms - meanders and oxbow lakes

Meanders

As the river makes its way to the middle course, it gains more water and therefore more energy, so material can be carried in suspension and is used to erode the river banks. Lateral erosion starts to widen the river. When a river flows over flatter land it develops large bends called meanders.

As a river goes around a bend, most of the water is pushed towards the outside. This causes increased speed due to less friction and therefore increased erosion (through hydraulic action and abrasion).

The lateral erosion on the outside bend causes undercutting of the river bank to form a river cliff.

There is less water on the inside bend of a meander so friction causes the water to slow down, lose energy and deposit the material the river is carrying, creating a gentle slope.

The build-up of deposited sediment is known as a slip-off slope (or sometimes river beach).

The fast current on the outside bank causes lateral erosion, creating a river cliff. The slow current on the inside bank causes deposition, creaitng a slip-off slope.

Oxbow lakes

Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition on the inside, the shape of a meander will change over a period of time. Erosion narrows the neck of the land within the meander and as the process continues, the meanders move closer together. When there is a very high discharge (usually during a flood), the river cuts across the neck, taking a new, straighter and shorter route. Deposition will occur to cut off the original meander, leaving a horseshoe-shaped oxbow lake.

Erosion makes the neck narrow. During floods, the river takes the shortest course through the neck. The river has a new straighter course and the abandoned meander is called an oxbow lake.

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