Draw a diagram of human brain and explain its function?
Answers
BRAIN STEM: The part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord. The brain stem controls functions basic to the survival of all animals, such as heart rate, breathing, digesting foods, and sleeping. It is the lowest, most primitive area of the human brain.
CEREBELLUM: Two peach-size mounds of folded tissue located at the top of the brain stem, the cerebellum is the guru of skilled, coordinated movement (e.g., returning a tennis serve or throwing a slider down and in) and is involved in some learning pathways.
CEREBRUM: This is the largest brain structure in humans and accounts for about two-thirds of the brain’s mass. It is divided into two sides — the left and right hemispheres—that are separated by a deep groove down the center from the back of the brain to the forehead. These two halves are connected by long neuron branches called the corpus callosum which is relatively larger in women’s brains than in men’s. The cerebrum is positioned over and around most other brain structures, and its four lobes are specialized by function but are richly connected. The outer 3 millimeters of “gray matter” is the cerebral cortex which consists of closely packed neurons that control most of our body functions, including the mysterious state of consciousness, the senses, the body’s motor skills, reasoning and language.
The Frontal Lobe is the most recently-evolved part of the brain and the last to develop in young adulthood. It’s dorso-lateral prefrontal circuit is the brain’s top executive. It organizes responses to complex problems, plans steps to an objective, searches memory for relevant experience, adapts strategies to accommodate new data, guides behavior with verbal skills and houses working memory. Its orbitofrontal circuit manages emotional impulses in socially appropriate ways for productive behaviors including empathy, altruism, interpretation of facial expressions. Stroke in this area typically releases foul language and fatuous behavior patterns.
The Temporal Lobe controls memory storage area, emotion, hearing, and, on the left side, language.
The Parietal Lobe receives and processes sensory information from the body including calculating location and speed of objects.
The Occipital Lobe processes visual data and routes it to other parts of the brain for identification and storage.
HIPPOCAMPUS: located deep within the brain, it processes new memories for long-term storage. If you didn't have it, you couldn't live in the present, you'd be stuck in the past of old memories. It is among the first functions to falter in Alzheimer's.
HYPOTHALAMUS: Located at the base of the brain where signals from the brain and the body’s hormonal system interact, the hypothalamus maintains the body’s status quo. It monitors numerous bodily functions such as blood pressure and body temperature, as well as controlling body weight and appetite.
THALAMUS: Located at the top of the brain stem, the thalamus acts as a two-way relay station, sorting, processing, and directing signals from the spinal cord and mid-brain structures up to the cerebrum, and, conversely, from the cerebrum down the spinal cord to the nervous system.
Brain is the highest coordinating centre of the body. It is protected by cranium, a bony box in the skull. It is covered by three membranes. The space between the membranes is called meninges. The space between the membranes is filled with Cerebrospinal fluid that protects brain from mechanical shocks.
Brain is divided into three regions :
1. FORE BRAIN: Includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes.
(i) Main thinking and largest part of the brain.
(ii) Consists of two cerebral hemispheres.
(iii) It has three main areas:
(a) Sensory area: Receive impulses from sense organs via receptors.
(b) Motor area: Sends impulse to various organs or muscles and control voluntary movements.
(c) Association area: Register impressions and respond by interpreting past experiences. They are associated with reasoning, learning and intelligence.
Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into lobes:
.Occipital lobe: Visual reception.
.Temporal lobe: Auditory reception.
.Parietal lobe: Touch, smell, temperature and conscious association.
.Frontal lobe: Muscular activities.
2.MID BRAIN: Connects forebrain and hind brain. Controls reflex involving eyes and ears.
3.HIND BRAIN: Consists of three centers.
(a)Cerebellum: Controls and coordinates muscular movements, maintaining body posture and equilibrium.
(b)Pons: Acts as a bridge, carry all sensory and motor neuron between brain and spinal cord.
(c)Medulla oblongata: Controls involuntary actions including blood pressure, salivation and vomiting.
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