draw a flow diagram showing the pathway of a nerve impulse when you pat at the shoulder of your friend
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Explanation:
#The Pathway of a Nerve Impulse
This page summarises basic information about the functioning of nerves. In a general case, the pathway of a nerve impluse may be summarised as in the following diagram:
This indicates that the first event in this sequence is some "Stimulus". ("Stimuli" is the plural form, referring to more than one stimulus.)
In this context, a stimulus is something that human sensory receptors are able to detect.
Examples may include: Sounds; Physical contact; Tastes; Visual stimuli, etc..
The next stage in the pathway is the "Sensory Receptors" sensing the stimulus.
These receptors are located all over the body but some types of receptors are in specific areas of the body (e.g. taste receptors in the mouth).
Sensory neuron(s) then transmit information from the sensory receptor(s) to the Central Nervous System (i.e. the brain and spinal cord, sometimes referred to in the abbreviated form: C.N.S.). This is happens because peripheral nerves all connect to the spinal cord via the network of nerves within the nervous system.
The information so received by the C.N.S. is further transmitted by relay neurone(s) with the C.N.S. This is shown in more detail in Figure (2), below.
The information may or may not be processed in the brain.
Some stimuli lead to "reflex responses" that can be described in terms of the "Simple Reflex Arc", whereas other stimuli (such as all visual stimuli) always involve processing by the brain. More information about the "Simple Reflex Arc" is included in Figure (2), further down this page.
Following either "Simple Reflex Arc" response, or processing by the brain, neural "instructions" may be sent via a motor neurone to an effector (that is usually a muscle or gland). In this way, the effector is instructed to take action. This action may be physical movement of a muscle (and so possibly also a limb), or some chemical action by a gland. Whatever the consequent action, this has occurred due to the function of the nervous system, in response to the initial stimulus (or stimuli).
A "Simple Reflex Arc"
The following diagram illustrates the sequence of events described above in more detail, specifically for the case of the "simple reflex arc". Theefore this diagram shows a vertebra of the spine, but does not also include the brain.
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