Draw a label Diagram of Structure of the earth and explain its concentric layers ?
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Answer:
The Earth consists of four concentric layers: The inner core, outer core, mantle and the crust. The crust is made up of tectonic plates which are in constant motion. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur at plate boundaries.
The Earth is made up of following distinct layers:
1. The inner core: It is in the center of the Earth. It is the hottest part of the Earth. It is solid and is made up of iron and nickel. It has a temperature of up to 5,500°C.
2. The outer core: It is the layer surrounding the inner core. It is a liquid layer. It is also made up of iron and nickel. It is still extremely hot, with temperatures similar to the inner core.
3. The mantle: It is the widest section of the Earth. It has a thickness of approximately 2,900 km. The mantle is made up of semi-molten rock called magma.
4. The crust: It is the outer layer of the earth. It is a thin layer between 0-60 km thick. The crust is the solid rock layer upon which we live.
There are two different types of crust: continental crust, which carries land, and oceanic crust, which carries water.
The core—
The innermost part of the earth is known as Core. The core has a thickness of 3470 km. It is further divided into inner core and outer core. The core of the earth is rich in iron and nickel (NIFE). The temperature inside the earth converts the solid rock into molten state. Sometimes, the hot material called the lava comes out through cracks or joints. When the molten material comes out from beneath a sea floor, it creates a new sea floor. On the other hand, the lava deposited on the land surface makes mountains and plateaus.
The mantle—
Beneath the crust is a very thick layer of rocks called the Mantle The mantle extends up to 2900 km in depth. The entire mantle is not homogenous. The mantle is sub-divided into two parts namely, the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The upper mantle is up to 100 km in depth. Beyond this lies the lower mantle. It is made up of silica and magnesium (SIMA).
The crust—
The thin solid layer covering the outside of the earth is called the Crust. The thickness of the crust differs from place to place. It is thicker under the continents than on the ocean floor. The average thickness of the crust is 60-100 km. Beneath the sedimentary rocks of the solid earth, the rocks are rich in SIAL (silica + aluminium). SIAL is made of lighter rock material.
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