Draw a mind map for cell related discoveries and various cell organelles
(their presence in various types of cells and their functions).
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Cell wall: Cell wall is made of cellulose. It is somewhat hard but permeable to most of the substances
2. Plasma membrane: Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane. It is composed of bilayer of lipid and protein.
Function - It facilitates passage of various substances in and out of the cell.
3. Nucleus: Nucleus is covered by double membrane; called nuclear membrane. The fluid which is inside the nucleus is called nucleoplasm. Nucleus contains chromosomes which are important for the functioning of a cell.
Function- Nucleus plays an important role during cell division. Nucleus controls all the functions of the cell.
4. Mitochondria: Mitochondrion is a capsule-like structure. It is a double membrane structure. Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes and hence mitochondria can produce their own protein.
Function - Cellular respiration; due to this, mitochondria are also known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’.
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum- Endoplasmic reticulum is a mesh-like structure which is composed of numerous tubes. There are two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum, viz. smooth ER and rough ER. Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface which give it the rough appearance.
Function - It serves as the transport channel in the cell. Substances are transported from cell membrane to cytoplasm and to nucleus and vice-versa. ER also serves the role of packaging many substances in the cell.
6. Golgi Complex- Golgi Complex was discovered by Camillo Golgi. It is composed of many sac-like structures which are stacked one above another.
Functions - Golgi complex is responsible for packaging of various substances in the cell.
7. Lysosome- Lysosome are small sac-like structures and they are derived from Golgi complex. Lysosome contains digestive enzymes.
Functions - The enzymes in the lysosome digest foreign particles and thus destroy them. Sometimes, the lysosome may burst open and its content ends up digesting the contents of the cell. The cell gets killed in the process. Due to this, lysosome is also called the ‘suicide bag of the cell’.
8. Ribosome- These are tiny dot like structures interspersed in the cytoplasm and also on the surface of Rough ER. Ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis.
9. Plastids- Plastids are found in plant cells. They are of two types, chromoplast and leucoplast. Colourful plastids are called chromomplast and colourless plastids are called leucoplast. Chloroplast is green in colour and is found in green parts of plants. Plastids too have their own DNA and ribosome.
10. Functions - Leucoplasts are responsible for storing food; such as carbohydrates, protein and lipid. Chromoplasts impart various colours to the plant parts. A leaf of a plant is green in colour because of chloroplast. Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis.
11. Vacuoles- These are fluid filled chambers and are often seen in many cells. Vacuoles are very large in plant cells. A plant cell usually has single but large vacuole. Such a vacuole fills almost the entire space inside the cell. Vacuoles are much smaller and very few in animal cells.