Science, asked by reetdhaliwal4016, 1 year ago

Draw a structure bacterial cell and explain in detail about their part and its functions.draw a structure bacterial cell and explain in detail about their part and its functions.draw a structure bacterial cell and explain in detail about their part and its functions.

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Answered by Harshit5473
3
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Answered by divyanshi141
2
When observing bacteria with microscope, it is not difficult to compare bacterial cell shapes and arrangements. There are many bacterial morphologies, each of them with a specific name.

Rod-shaped (Baccilus) i.e. Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus

Spherical (Coccus):  i.e. Staphylococcus epiderminis

Curved (Vibrio, Spirochaete) i.e. Vibrio cholera, Rhodospirilium rubrum

Square-shaped (Arcula)

Star-shaped (Stella)

 

After cell division, the cells of different prokaryotic species can either stay separately or remain together in groups or clusters. The arrangements of these cells are often characteristic of certain genera.

Pair i.e. Escherichia coli

Chain i.e. Streptococcus

Cluster i.e. Staphylococcus

Size of bacteria ranges between 0.2 µm and 700 µm in diameter, with the normal range of about 1-5µm in diameter. Bacteria are about 10 times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which leads to their unique features of growth. Small cells have more surface area relative to cell volume than large cells do, hence, they have higher surface-to-volume ratio (S/V ratio). This leads to obvious benefits such as higher nutrient uptake rate, faster growth and considerably shorter life cycle. In fact, bacteria cells can divide very rapidly, i.e. 20 minutes for E.coli , causing higher chance for mutations in bacterial genes to occur. Hence, bacteria can adapt quickly with changing environmental conditions and can explore new habitats much more quickly than eukaryotic cells.

 





Bacterial cell structure





Bacteria's menu

Structures of cells

Cell wall

Cytoplasmic membrane

Chromosome

Plasmid

Ribosome

Flagella

Inclusion body

Pili

Endospore

Relative functions

Protect cells against osmotic shock (most important) and physical damage

Regulation of substance transport into and out of cells.

Contain genome.

Contain supplemental genetic information such as resistance to antibiotics, production of toxins and tolerance to toxic environment.

Take part in protein synthesis.

Movement of cells.

Mineral storage of cells.

Attachment to host, bacterial mating.

Tough, heat resistance structure that help bacteria survive in adverse conditions.

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