draw a well labelled diagram of the human brain and mention the functions of its various parts?
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Draw a labelled diagram of human brain and write its any two functions.
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The human brain is the main coordinating center of the body, which enables an organism to think and make decisions.
Functions of different parts of the brain are:
Medulla oblongata: It controls involuntary actions and regulates reflex responses. It also controls blood pressure, salivation, and vomiting.
Cerebellum: It controls and coordinates different muscular actions. It is responsible for voluntary actions and maintains the equilibrium of the body during walking, drinking, catching, etc.
Forebrain: It has the following parts:
1. Cerebrum: Which performs thinking, reasoning, speech, intelligence and usage of information.
2. Olfactory: Where lobes are responsible for detecting the smell from different receptors.
3. Diencephalon: Which controls body temperature, the urge of eating, drinking, etc.
Explanation:
Pituitary Gland
Sometimes called the “master gland,” the pituitary gland is a pea-sized structure found deep in the brain behind the bridge of the nose. The pituitary gland governs the function of other glands in the body, regulating the flow of hormones from the thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testicles. It receives chemical signals from the hypothalamus through its stalk and blood supply.
Midbrain
The midbrain (or mesencephalon) is a very complex structure with a range of different neuron clusters (nuclei and colliculi), neural pathways and other structures. These features facilitate various functions, from hearing and movement to calculating responses and environmental changes. The midbrain also contains the substantia nigra, an area affected by Parkinson’s disease that is rich in dopamine neurons and part of the basal ganglia, which enables movement and coordination.
Cerebrum
The cerebrum (front of brain) comprises gray matter (the cerebral cortex) and white matter at its center. The largest part of the brain, the cerebrum initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature. Other areas of the cerebrum enable speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning. Other functions relate to vision, hearing, touch and other senses.
Cerebral Cortex
Cortex is Latin for “bark,” and describes the outer gray matter covering of the cerebrum. The cortex has a large surface area due to its folds, and comprises about half of the brain’s weight.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum (“little brain”) is a fist-sized portion of the brain located at the back of the head, below the temporal and occipital lobes and above the brainstem. Like the cerebral cortex, it has two hemispheres. The outer portion contains neurons, and the inner area communicates with the cerebral cortex. Its function is to coordinate voluntary muscle movements and to maintain posture, balance and equilibrium. New studies are exploring the cerebellum’s roles in thought, emotions and social behavior, as well as its possible involvement in addiction, autism and schizophrenia.
