draw an insect showing in network of Tracheae
Answers
Answer:
Diagram of the insect tracheal system and tracheal tubes. (a) Spiracles connect the tracheae to the outside environment. The tracheal tubes branch into tracheoles that deliver oxygen to tissues and cells via diffusion. (b) Macro-scale structure of the tracheal tubes. Along the inner wall, spirally- or circumferentially-wound taenidia reinforce the tracheal tubes, and an external layer of epithelial cells deposits cuticle material during development. (c) Cross-section of the tracheal wall. The epicuticle layer provides an environmental barrier. Structural support is provided by the exocuticle. The exocuticle is further divided in the procuticle and endocuticle layers.
Explanation:
Context 1
... the insect respiratory system, gas is transported through an intricate network of tracheal tubes. Insects intake gas from and expel gas to the ambient environ- ment through valves known as spiracles located along the exoskeleton, and oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the tissues and cells at minute branches known as tracheoles via diffusion [1] ( figure 1(a)). Some species supplement the diffusion of gas with advective flow driven by the periodic collapse and re-inflation of the tracheal tubes, a phenomenon known as rhythmic tracheal compression [2][3][4][5][6]. ...
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Context 2
... the same tracheal walls, there were regions containing straight and parallel tae- nidia but also regions containing bifurcated and mis- aligned taenidia. For example, in one specimen the taenidia appeared to diverge from an ordered region, with a misalignment of up to 10° about their ordered alignment ( figure 11). Clusters of branched taenidia within tracheal walls were also observed ( figure 12). ...
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Context 3
... example, in one specimen the taenidia appeared to diverge from an ordered region, with a misalignment of up to 10° about their ordered alignment ( figure 11). Clusters of branched taenidia within tracheal walls were also observed ( figure 12). In the region shown between the dotted lines in figure 12, the number of taenidia decreased by roughly 14% and then increased by nearly the same amount. ...
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Context 4
... of branched taenidia within tracheal walls were also observed ( figure 12). In the region shown between the dotted lines in figure 12, the number of taenidia decreased by roughly 14% and then increased by nearly the same amount. ...
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Context 5
... location of bifurcated/fused taenidia along the circumferential direction of the tracheae was determined by analyzing the images of the half-ring sections collected using light microscopy. In the repre- sentative half-ring section shown in figure 13, the region of highest curvature contained an increased number of bifurcations. More specifically, the number of taenidia at θ=π/2 was found to be N (π/2) ≈0.8N max . ...
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Context 6
... other words, there was roughly a 20% reduction in the maximum number of taenidia N max . By collectively analyzing n=72 half-ring sections, we found that, in the region of highest curvature at around θ=π/2, the ratio of the local number of tae- nidia to the maximum number of taenidia was N(π/2)/N max =88%±1% ( figure 14). ...
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Context 7
... results on the effect of cross-sectional eccentricity on the pressure that causes collapse are reported in figure 15. The relative volume change of the tracheal tube, which is the change in volume over the initial volume, due to internal pressure was computed for different values of a/b. ...
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Context 8
... relative volume change of the tracheal tube, which is the change in volume over the initial volume, due to internal pressure was computed for different values of a/b. Jump disconti- nuities in the relative volume change versus pressure curves indicated the occurrence of buckling ( figure 15(a)). Together with the undeformed config- urations, the deformed configurations that illustrate the cross-sectional shape of the tube pre-and post- buckling are presented for a/b=1.2 in figure 15(b) where p=3.8 ...
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Context 9
... disconti- nuities in the relative volume change versus pressure curves indicated the occurrence of buckling ( figure 15(a)). Together with the undeformed config- urations, the deformed configurations that illustrate the cross-sectional shape of the tube pre-and post- buckling are presented for a/b=1.2 in figure 15(b) where p=3.8 kPa, figure 15(c) where p=4.0 ...
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Context 10
... figure 15(c) where p=4.0 kPa, figure 15(d) where p=7 kPa. These configurations are presented for a/b=1.04 in figure 15(e) where p=7 kPa. ...
