Question

draw and discuss the phase diagram of carbon dioxide

Answer 1

do you mean structural diagram
0=C=0

Answer 2

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Each line represents phase changes between respective boundaries. The triple point is where all the phases are at equilibrium.

Phase changes are usually isothermal, so temperature is constant until every molecule has attained high enough heat (e.g. kinetic energy) to surpass the intermolecular forces characteristic of each phase at varying strengths.
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