Question

Draw flow sheet of steps involved in biological method using malaria as an example

Answer 1

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$\huge {\mathfrak {\purple {Q.}}}}$Draw flow sheet of steps involved in biological method using malaria as an example

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ʟɪғᴇᴄʏᴄʟᴇ

ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴀʟ ʜɪsᴛᴏʀʏ ᴏғ ᴍᴀʟᴀʀɪᴀ ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇs ᴄʏᴄʟɪᴄᴀʟ ɪɴғᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴs ᴀɴᴅ ғᴇᴍᴀʟᴇ ᴀɴᴏᴘʜᴇʟᴇs ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏᴇs. ɪɴ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴs, ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇs ɢʀᴏᴡ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴘʟʏ ғɪʀsᴛ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟɪᴠᴇʀ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇᴅ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ. ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ, sᴜᴄᴄᴇssɪᴠᴇ ʙʀᴏᴏᴅs ᴏғ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇs ɢʀᴏᴡ ɪɴsɪᴅᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇᴅ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴀɴᴅ ᴅᴇsᴛʀᴏʏ ᴛʜᴇᴍ, ʀᴇʟᴇᴀsɪɴɢ ᴅᴀᴜɢʜᴛᴇʀ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇs (“ᴍᴇʀᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇs”) ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴏɴᴛɪɴᴜᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʏᴄʟᴇ ʙʏ ɪɴᴠᴀᴅɪɴɢ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ʀᴇᴅ ᴄᴇʟʟs.

ᴛʜᴇ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ sᴛᴀɢᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴏsᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sʏᴍᴘᴛᴏᴍs ᴏғ ᴍᴀʟᴀʀɪᴀ. ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴄᴇʀᴛᴀɪɴ ғᴏʀᴍs ᴏғ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ sᴛᴀɢᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇs (ɢᴀᴍᴇᴛᴏᴄʏᴛᴇs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴏᴄᴄᴜʀ ɪɴ ᴍᴀʟᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ғᴇᴍᴀʟᴇ ғᴏʀᴍs) ᴀʀᴇ ɪɴɢᴇsᴛᴇᴅ ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ ғᴇᴇᴅɪɴɢ ʙʏ ᴀ ғᴇᴍᴀʟᴇ ᴀɴᴏᴘʜᴇʟᴇs ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ, ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴍᴀᴛᴇ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴜᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴇɢɪɴ ᴀ ᴄʏᴄʟᴇ ᴏғ ɢʀᴏᴡᴛʜ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ. ᴀғᴛᴇʀ 10-18 ᴅᴀʏs, ᴀ ғᴏʀᴍ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴀ sᴘᴏʀᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇ ᴍɪɢʀᴀᴛᴇs ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ’s sᴀʟɪᴠᴀʀʏ ɢʟᴀɴᴅs. ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀɴᴏᴘʜᴇʟᴇs ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ ᴛᴀᴋᴇs ᴀ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴇᴀʟ ᴏɴ ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ, ᴀɴᴛɪᴄᴏᴀɢᴜʟᴀɴᴛ sᴀʟɪᴠᴀ ɪs ɪɴᴊᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏɢᴇᴛʜᴇʀ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘᴏʀᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴍɪɢʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ʟɪᴠᴇʀ, ᴛʜᴇʀᴇʙʏ ʙᴇɢɪɴɴɪɴɢ ᴀ ɴᴇᴡ ᴄʏᴄʟᴇ.

ᴛʜᴜs ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴғᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ ᴄᴀʀʀɪᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪsᴇᴀsᴇ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴏɴᴇ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ (ᴀᴄᴛɪɴɢ ᴀs ᴀ “ᴠᴇᴄᴛᴏʀ”), ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ɪɴғᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴs ᴛʀᴀɴsᴍɪᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ, ɪɴ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀsᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ʜᴏsᴛ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ ᴠᴇᴄᴛᴏʀ ᴅᴏᴇs ɴᴏᴛ sᴜғғᴇʀ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇs.

ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀʟᴀʀɪᴀ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇ ʟɪғᴇ ᴄʏᴄʟᴇ ɪɴᴠᴏʟᴠᴇs ᴛᴡᴏ ʜᴏsᴛs. ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴀ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴇᴀʟ, ᴀ ᴍᴀʟᴀʀɪᴀ-ɪɴғᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ғᴇᴍᴀʟᴇ ᴀɴᴏᴘʜᴇʟᴇs ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ ɪɴᴏᴄᴜʟᴀᴛᴇs sᴘᴏʀᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇs ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ʜᴏsᴛ . sᴘᴏʀᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇs ɪɴғᴇᴄᴛ ʟɪᴠᴇʀ ᴄᴇʟʟs ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ɪɴᴛᴏ sᴄʜɪᴢᴏɴᴛs , ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʀᴜᴘᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇʟᴇᴀsᴇ ᴍᴇʀᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇs . (ᴏғ ɴᴏᴛᴇ, ɪɴ ᴘ. ᴠɪᴠᴀx ᴀɴᴅ ᴘ. ᴏᴠᴀʟᴇ ᴀ ᴅᴏʀᴍᴀɴᴛ sᴛᴀɢᴇ [ʜʏᴘɴᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇs] ᴄᴀɴ ᴘᴇʀsɪsᴛ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟɪᴠᴇʀ (ɪғ ᴜɴᴛʀᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅ) ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ʀᴇʟᴀᴘsᴇs ʙʏ ɪɴᴠᴀᴅɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅsᴛʀᴇᴀᴍ ᴡᴇᴇᴋs, ᴏʀ ᴇᴠᴇɴ ʏᴇᴀʀs ʟᴀᴛᴇʀ.) ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ᴛʜɪs ɪɴɪᴛɪᴀʟ ʀᴇᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟɪᴠᴇʀ (ᴇxᴏ-ᴇʀʏᴛʜʀᴏᴄʏᴛɪᴄ sᴄʜɪᴢᴏɢᴏɴʏ ), ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇs ᴜɴᴅᴇʀɢᴏ ᴀsᴇxᴜᴀʟ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʀʏᴛʜʀᴏᴄʏᴛᴇs (ᴇʀʏᴛʜʀᴏᴄʏᴛɪᴄ sᴄʜɪᴢᴏɢᴏɴʏ ). ᴍᴇʀᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇs ɪɴғᴇᴄᴛ ʀᴇᴅ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ ᴄᴇʟʟs . ᴛʜᴇ ʀɪɴɢ sᴛᴀɢᴇ ᴛʀᴏᴘʜᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇs ᴍᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ɪɴᴛᴏ sᴄʜɪᴢᴏɴᴛs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʀᴜᴘᴛᴜʀᴇ ʀᴇʟᴇᴀsɪɴɢ ᴍᴇʀᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇs . sᴏᴍᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇs ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴛɪᴀᴛᴇ ɪɴᴛᴏ sᴇxᴜᴀʟ ᴇʀʏᴛʜʀᴏᴄʏᴛɪᴄ sᴛᴀɢᴇs (ɢᴀᴍᴇᴛᴏᴄʏᴛᴇs) . ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ sᴛᴀɢᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴsɪʙʟᴇ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʟɪɴɪᴄᴀʟ ᴍᴀɴɪғᴇsᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪsᴇᴀsᴇ. ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴀᴍᴇᴛᴏᴄʏᴛᴇs, ᴍᴀʟᴇ (ᴍɪᴄʀᴏɢᴀᴍᴇᴛᴏᴄʏᴛᴇs) ᴀɴᴅ ғᴇᴍᴀʟᴇ (ᴍᴀᴄʀᴏɢᴀᴍᴇᴛᴏᴄʏᴛᴇs), ᴀʀᴇ ɪɴɢᴇsᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴀɴ ᴀɴᴏᴘʜᴇʟᴇs ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴀ ʙʟᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴇᴀʟ . ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇs’ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ ɪs ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ sᴘᴏʀᴏɢᴏɴɪᴄ ᴄʏᴄʟᴇ . ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ’s sᴛᴏᴍᴀᴄʜ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪᴄʀᴏɢᴀᴍᴇᴛᴇs ᴘᴇɴᴇᴛʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀᴄʀᴏɢᴀᴍᴇᴛᴇs ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ ᴢʏɢᴏᴛᴇs . ᴛʜᴇ ᴢʏɢᴏᴛᴇs ɪɴ ᴛᴜʀɴ ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴍᴏᴛɪʟᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇʟᴏɴɢᴀᴛᴇᴅ (ᴏᴏᴋɪɴᴇᴛᴇs) ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪɴᴠᴀᴅᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪᴅɢᴜᴛ ᴡᴀʟʟ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ ᴡʜᴇʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴏᴏᴄʏsᴛs . ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴏᴄʏsᴛs ɢʀᴏᴡ, ʀᴜᴘᴛᴜʀᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇʟᴇᴀsᴇ sᴘᴏʀᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴍᴀᴋᴇ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴡᴀʏ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏ’s sᴀʟɪᴠᴀʀʏ ɢʟᴀɴᴅs. ɪɴᴏᴄᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘᴏʀᴏᴢᴏɪᴛᴇs ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴀ ɴᴇᴡ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ʜᴏsᴛ ᴘᴇʀᴘᴇᴛᴜᴀᴛᴇs ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀʟᴀʀɪᴀ ʟɪғᴇ ᴄʏᴄʟᴇ.

ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴏɴ: ᴀɴᴏᴘʜᴇʟᴇs ᴍᴏsϙᴜɪᴛᴏᴇs

ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴏɴ: ᴍᴀʟᴀʀɪᴀ ᴘᴀʀᴀsɪᴛᴇs

ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ғᴀᴄᴛᴏʀs ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴀʟᴀʀɪᴀ

ʙɪᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄ ᴄʜᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪsᴛɪᴄs ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴇʜᴀᴠɪᴏʀᴀʟ ᴛʀᴀɪᴛs ᴄᴀɴ ɪɴғʟᴜᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴀɴ ɪɴᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴜᴀʟ’s ʀɪsᴋ ᴏғ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘɪɴɢ ᴍᴀʟᴀʀɪᴀ ᴀɴᴅ, ᴏɴ ᴀ ʟᴀʀɢᴇʀ sᴄᴀʟᴇ, ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴛᴇɴsɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴛʀᴀɴsᴍɪssɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴀ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.

ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴏɴ: ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ғᴀᴄᴛᴏʀs ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴀʟᴀʀɪᴀ

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#PLZZ REFER THE ATTACHMENT

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#HOPE IT HELPS UU

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Answer 2

The different steps which are involved in biological method are the the invasion, the rapid division followed by the spread of infection.

Explanation:

• Malaria results in infection after the bite of the female anopheles mosquito. The parasites enter the bloodstream. as a result of this there is predominant infection. The parasite migrate to the liver where it migrate it replicates.

• In addition to this there is also increase in the the number of the parasite. The breakdown more number of RBC resulting in the causing of more infection.

To know more about malaria,

why do malaria patients suffer from anaemia? - Brainly.in

brainly.in/question/5216774