draw the diagram of animal cell and plant cell write the differences between them what are the constituents of phloem and xyle let the following features of Parliament and x y l e m
Answers
Explanation:
Xylem and Phloem are two different types of vascular tissues, which are mainly involved in the transportation process. These tissues form a vascular bundle and these work together as a unit. The movement of xylem is unidirectional, while the movement of phloem is bidirectional.
Let us explore the major differences between xylem and phloem in detail.
Also Read: Transportation in Plants
Differences Between Xylem and Phloem
Difference between Xylem and Phloem
Following are the important differences between xylem and phloem:
XylemPhloemDefinitionXylem tissues are the tubular-shaped structure, with the absence of cross walls. This tissue resembles the shape of a star.Phloem tissues are tubular-shaped, elongated, structures with the presence of walls with thin sieve tubes.LocationIt is located in the centre of the vascular bundle.It is located on the outer side of the vascular bundle.FibresXylem fibres are smaller.Phloem fibres are larger.Found InThey are present in roots, stems and leaves.They are present in stems and leaves, which later transports and grow in roots, fruits and seeds.MovementsThese tissues move in a Unidirectional. (only in one direction – upward direction)These tissues move in a Bidirectional. (both ways – up and down)Comprises They live with hollow dead cells.They live with cytoplasm without the nucleus.No of TissuesThe total amount of xylem tissue is more.The total amount of phloem tissue is less.FeaturesIt consists of tracheids, vessel elements, xylem parenchyma, xylem sclerenchyma and xylem fibres.It consists of four elements: companion cells, sieve tubes, bast fibres, phloem fibres, intermediary cells and the phloem parenchyma.FunctionsTransports soluble mineral nutrients and water molecules from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant.Transports food and other nutrients including sugar and amino acids from leaves to storage organs and growing parts of the plant.Vascular BundlesForms vascular bundles with phloem.Forms vascular bundles with xylem.FunctionsProvides mechanical strength to the plant and helps in strengthening the stem.Translocates the synthesized sugars by the photosynthetic areas of plants to storage organs like roots, bulbs and tubers.FunctionsIt is responsible for replacing the total amount of lost water molecules through transpiration and photosynthesis.It is responsible for transporting proteins and mRNAs throughout the plant.
Xylem Tissues
Xylem is one of the important tissues of the vascular system of plants. The main activity of this tissue is to transport minerals and water from roots and carry them to other parts of the plants. It has two separate chambers, tracheids and vessels for transporting minerals and water.
Answer:
Plants and animal cells differ in various aspects. Major differences are listed below categorized as per factors:
1. Size: Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells. Animal cells range from 10 to 30 micrometers in length, while plant cells range from 10 and 100 micrometers in length.
2. Mode of Energy Storage: Animals cells store energy in the form of the complex carbohydrate known as glycogen while Plant cells store energy as starch.
3. The existence of Cell Wall: Animal cells do not have a cell wall but have a cell membrane. Plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose as well as a cell membrane.
4. Amino acids synthesis: Of the 20 amino acids needed to produce proteins, only 10 can be produced naturally in animal cells. The other so-called essential amino acids must be acquired through diet. Plants are capable of synthesizing all 20 amino acids.
5. Presence of Centrioles: Animal cells contain these cylindrical structures that organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division. Plant cells do not typically contain centrioles.
6: Mechanism of Cytokinesis: Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm during cell division, occurs in animal cells when a cleavage furrow forms that pinches the cell membrane in half. In plant cell cytokinesis, a cell plate is constructed that divides the cell.
7. The existence of Glyoxysomes: These structures are not found in animal cells but are present in plant cells. Glyoxysomes help to degrade lipids, particularly in germinating seeds, for the production of sugar.
8. Presence of Plastids: Animal cells do not have plastids. Plant cells contain plastids such as chloroplasts, which are needed for photosynthesis.
9. Vacuole size: Animal cells may have many small vacuoles. Plant cells have a large central vacuole that can occupy up to 90% of the cell's volume.
