Question

Draw the periodic table and explain its properties

Answer 1

Answer:

The easiest way for me to remember the periodic table is to make funny sentences using all the elements in one row (or column)  

Hi Hello Little Beryll Brown Cracking Nuts On Friday . Nellie's Naughty Magpie Always Sings Pop Songs Clearly After Killing Cathy

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca.

Explanation:

The elements are made from a nucleus (core) and electrons (shell). The core is made from neutrons and protons. The shell is filled with electrons.

Each step from left to the right adds one more proton to the nucleus.

So the first element (hydrogen) has one proton, Helium has two, Lithium has three, and so on...

According to the Bor model, atoms are made from shells that are on top of each other, like a russian doll. The first shell can hold 2 protons (first row), then 8 (second row - Li to Ne). Then again 8 (Na - Ar), then 28 and so on.

Atoms love to fill these valence shells (octet rule). If the valence shell is full, the element will be in the last column and we call them nobel gases. Because they are full and happy, these elements are very intert (inactive).

All other elements need to react with other elements so they can share electrons in a way to fill the valence shells.

For example, the elements that are very close but not there yet (column 7) are called halogens and very reactive! They want to react with a alkali metal (first row), which has one electron too much.

Sodium chloride, is a salt from Sodium (Na) and Chloride (Cl). Sodium has two valence shells filled, and one extra electron. It wants to loose electron.   Chloride has two shells filled, but needs one more to fill the third one.

So they come together and sodium shares the electron with chloride. Now it has to shells filled and is happy, while chlorine filled its third shell. The resulting salt is not very reactive.

That's whats driving many elemental properties.