Question

Draw the second and third harmonics

Answer 1

The term ‘Harmonics’ is related to the fundamental frequency of a waveform. Before learning about harmonics, we should be familier with some of the concepts of wave forms. Let’s discuss about the topics Natural frequency and forced frequency.
Natural frequency
When a body is vibrating freely without any external forces applied on it, then the vibrations are called “Natural vibrations”. The frequency at which the natural vibrations occur is called “Natural frequency”.
Forced frequency
When a body is oscillating by applying an external periodic force, the vibrations are called “ Forced vibrations”. The frequency of the forced vibrations is called “Forced frequency”.
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Answer 2

There are a variety of patterns which could be produced by vibrations within a string, slinky, or rope. Each pattern corresponds to vibrations which occur at a particular frequency and is known as a harmonic. The lowest possible frequency at which a string could vibrate to form a standing wave pattern is known as the fundamental frequency or the first harmonic. The second lowest frequency at which a string could vibrate is known as the second harmonic; the third lowest frequency is known as the third harmonic; and so on. An animation of a string vibrating with the second harmonic is shown below.



The frequency associated with each harmonic is dependent upon the speed at which waves move through the medium and the wavelength of the medium. The speed at which waves move through a medium is dependent upon the properties of the medium (tension of the string, thickness of the string, material composition of the string, etc.). The wavelength of the harmonic is dependent upon the length of the string and the harmonic number (first, second, third, etc.). Variations in either the properties of the medium or the length of the medium will result in variations in the frequency at which the string will vibrate.