Draw the shape of a molecule with central atom having two bond pair and two lone pair [AB2L2]
Hint: Compare with the shape of AB4( tetrahedal)
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Answers
Answer:
The Shapes of Molecules
The chemical bonding in a compound is very obviously related to its reactivity and properties – Na2O
and H2O being quite different materials. It is perhaps less obvious that the shape of a molecule may
also be crucial to its physical and chemical properties.
The artificial sweetener,
aspartame, appears quite
different to sucrose (table
sugar) yet gives a sweat
sensation in the mouth. Note
these ‘stick’ structures will be
explained in week 5.
Note the similarity in part of the shape (in bold) of the following four molecules.
Morphine is an alkaloid derived from the opium poppy. It is effective at blocking the perception of
pain by the brain while allowing the normal function of the nervous system. It is also able to
produce a feeling of euphoria which is why it is sometimes misused. This is particularly the case with
heroin which is devastatingly addictive. Heroin users become physically dependant on opioids which
means they have to continue to take them to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as chills, sweating,
stiffness, cramps, vomiting and anxiety. Methadone is used to treat heroin addiction. It is an
agonist i.e. it binds to the opioid receptors and causes an opioid response. It is prescribed as a way
of regulating and ultimately reducing heroin addiction. Naloxone is an antagonist (i.e. it binds to the
opioid receptors but does not give a response) used to treat heroin overdose. It binds to the opioid
receptors in the brain, displacing heroin and reversing the effects of the narcotic (eg respiratory
depression). It is given intravenously and its effects are produced almost immediately. However it is
rapidly metabolized by the liver and its effect lasts only 2-4 hours, which is considerably shorter than
the metabolism rate of most morphine-like drugs. Thus it may have to be given repeatedly. It has
no side effects of its own but can precipitate withdrawal symptoms in addicts.
Answer:
If there are two bond pairs and two lone pairs of electrons the molecular geometry is angular or bent (e.g. H2O). Five electron pairs give a starting point that is a trigonal bipyramidal structure.