Question

draw the structure of different types of chrmosomes and explain it​

Answer 1

In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes.

Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

Chromosomes were first described by Strasburger (1815), and the term ‘chromosome’ was first used by Waldeyer in 1888.

They appear as rod shaped dark stained bodies during the metaphase stage of mitosis when cells are stained with a suitable basic dye and viewed under a light microscope.

In eukaryotes the chromosomes are multiple large, linear and are present in the nucleus of the cell.

Each chromosome typically has one centromere and one or two arms that project from the centromere.

Structurally, each chromosome is differen­tiated into three parts—

Pellicle

Matrix

Chromonemata