drawing and recognising forms of important contours viz. valleys,ridges,types of slopes,conical hill,plateau,escarpment,and sea cliff
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Valley Contour Lines
A valley is an elongated depression in the landscape that is formed by the action of water (V-shaped) or carved out by glaciers (U-shaped). Valley bottoms are represented by "U" or "V" shaped contour lines with their closed end pointing towards higher elevation.
Bottom left picture shows the contour lines overlaid on the 3D image and the right picture is the topographic map (1:50000) of the same valley. Top of the images and map is toward south direction. A gentle wide valley bottom with higher elevation toward south (contour lines point toward south) is evident. Therefore the river flow is from south to north with tributaries flowing down the draws (gullies) on either side of the valley. Two ridge lines run north-south connecting peaks on either side of the valley. Steep gullies and spurs run from ridge lines to valley bottom.