Due to
brokenty of co, it is
entensively used in the entraction
process of iron
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The early application of iron to the manufacture of tools and weapons was possible because of the wide distribution of iron ores and the ease with which iron compounds in the ores could be reduced by carbon. For a long time, charcoal was the form of carbon used in the reduction process. The production and use of iron became much more widespread about 1620, when coke was introduced as the reducing agent. Coke is a form of carbon formed by heating coal in the absence of air to remove impurities.
The overall reaction for the production of iron in a blast furnace is as follows:
Fe2O3(s)+3C(s)−→Δ2Fe(l)+3CO(g)(23.3.1)
The actual reductant is CO, which reduces Fe2O3 to give Fe(l) and CO2(g) (Equation 23.3.1 ); the CO2 is then reduced back to CO by reaction with excess carbon. As the ore, lime, and coke drop into the furnace (Figure 23.3.1 ), any silicate minerals in the ore react with the lime to produce a low-melting mixture of calcium silicates called slag, which floats on top of the molten iron. Molten iron is then allowed to run out the bottom of the furnace, leaving the slag behind. Originally, the iron was collected in pools called pigs, which is the origin of the name pig iron.