during chola period ,land belonging to non brahmins are called
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According to Chola inscriptions, there were five types of 'land gifts' that Chola kings gave to their people: vellanvagai was land for non-Brahmana, peasant proprietors. brahmadeya was land gifted to Brahmanas. shalabhoga was land for the maintenance of a school. devadana / tirunamattukkani was land gifted to temples.
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During the Chola Period, land belonging to non-Brahmins was called Vellanvagai.
- The Cholas were the most powerful peninsular kingdoms in the Kaveri valley, that rose to power in the 9th century CE.
- The Cholas were known for their efficient system of local administration. Provinces were divided into clusters of localities called valanadu, whereas an individual locality was called Nadu. Each nadu was composed of a group of villages called Ur.
- The Nattar was the representative of the Nadu and used to keep records of land grants, and other land holdings. According to these records, there were two main types of land- Brahmadeya (land grants to Brahmins), and Vellanvagai (the land belonging to the non-Brahman people).
- According to some scholars, the Ur was basically a collection of vellanvagai- the totality of land owned by non-Brahmans in the village.
- Vellanvagai villages were composed of agricultural lands, lands used by pastoralists, irrigation devices, funeral places, dwelling places etc.
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