Question

During the detection of groups, if Group-1 is detected then for next Group test what care
should be taken?
​

Answer 1

Answer:

Group 1 Cations of this group form precipitates with dilute hydrochloric acid. Ions of this group are lead(II), mercury(I), and silver(I)

Answer 2

Answer:

After detecting the first group ion by group 1 primary test, you need to do another conformation test for that ion.

Explanation:

One common task in analytical chemistry is to identify the various ions present in a particular sample. For example, if you are an environmental chemist, your job may be to collect soil or water samples to determine the presence of toxic ions such as$Pb^+^2$or$Hg_2^2$. A common experimental method used to identify ions in a mixture is called qualitative analysis.

In qualitative analysis, ions in a mixture are separated by selective precipitation. Selective precipitation involves adding a carefully selected reagent to an aqueous mixture of ions to precipitate one or more ions while the rest remain in solution. Once each ion is isolated, its identity can be determined using a chemical reaction specific to that ion.

Cations are generally divided into groups, each group having a common reagent that can be used for selective precipitation. A classical qualitative analysis scheme used to separate different cationic groups is shown in the block diagram below.

Note that $Ag^+, Pb^{+2}, and$$Hg^+^2_2$ are called Group I cations because they are the first group to be separated from the larger mixture. Since all these ions form insoluble chlorides, they can be separated from all other ions and precipitated by adding 6 M HCl (aq.).

$AgCl(s), PbCl_2(s), and Hg_2Cl_2(s)$:

The sample must then be centrifuged (spinned rapidly), which separates the solid precipitate from the ions still in solution. The solid settles to the bottom and the solution containing the remaining ions (groups 2-5) remains on the solid surface. This solution is called the supernatant and should be carefully decanted (pour out without disturbing the solids) and stored for further study. Group I cations contained in the collected precipitate must be separated from each other to confirm the presence of each ion.

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