During the end of the Mughal period why was teh problme caused 8686 in the Jaigirdari and Mansabdari system? What was the result of the problem on the Mughal empire.
Answers
Explanation:
The Mansabdari system was a grading system used by the Mughal rulers to fix the rank and salary of a Mansabdar. They were nobles who occupied various positions in the administration of the Mughal Empire. They were appointed and dismissed by the Mughal Emperor.
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Mansabdari System – UPSC Notes:-
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Who was Mansabdars?
Mansabdars were officers in Mughal administration.
Those nobles who joined Mughal service were enrolled as mansabdars.
The term mansabdar refers to an individual who holds a mansab (rank).
The Mansabdars were appointed to all civil and military posts.
They were liable to be transferred from one branch of the administration (civil) to another (military).
Mansabdari System – Origins
The Mansabdar appears to be a Central Asian institution. There is a view that this institution came to India with Babur. However, during Babur’s time, instead of the term of Mansabdar, the term Wajahdar was used.
Mansabdari was the administrative system implemented by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1571. Akbar institutionalized and reformed it on the basis of military and civil administration.
The officers who joined the Mughal Administration were known as Mansabdars. Mansabdars could be transferred from one section of the administration to another section, for example from military to civil or vice versa.
Mughal Rule – Number of Mansabdars
During Akbar’s rule, there were approximately 1,800 Mansabdars
During the rule of Aurangazeb, there were approximately 14,500 Mansabdars.
Mansabdars – Recruitment
The power to recruit and promote Mansabdars was in the hands of the Mughal Emperor. Usually, Mansabdars were also recruited on the basis of suggestions given by ‘Mirbakshi.
The Mughals enrolled people of all races and religions into government jobs.
A person wishing to join the royal service had to petition through a noble, who presented a tajwiz to the emperor.
Tajwiz was a petition presented by a nobleman to the emperor, recommending that an applicant be recruited as mansabdar.
Mansabdar – Ranking/Hierarchy of Administrative Officers
The word ‘Mansab’ originates from the Arabic Language. It means position or rank. The hierarchy of the Mansabdars is mentioned below.
Amir of Amirs – These Mansabdars were given the title of Amir-al-Umara, translated as Amir of Amirs. They were Mansabdaris whose rank was above 5000.
Amir-al-Kabir (Great Amir) – These were Mansabdars whose ranks were above 1000.
Amir – These were administrative officials whose rank was 1000 or below.
The below table provides the details on the Highest Ranked Mansab and Lowest Ranked Mansab during Mughal Emperor Akbar’s rule.
Highest Ranked Mansab 10,000
Lowest Ranked Mansab 10
Check out a few relevant links to prepare comprehensively on various Mughal emperors for the upcoming UPSC Civil Services Exams-
NCERT Notes: Akbar- Medieval Reign NCERT Notes: The Mughal Empire In India NCERT NOTES: Akbar’s Successors
Mughal Emperor Akbar: Brief biography Babur – Founder of Mughal Empire, Reign, Conquests Mughal Architecture
List of Mughal Emperors (1526 -1857) NCERT Notes: Humayun 1530-1556 Aurangzeb Was Appointed as Mughal Emperor
Mughal Emperor Jahangir Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan Bahadur Shah Zafar – last mughal emperor
Mansabdari System – Structure
There was a dual representation of Mansab:
Zat – This indicated the Rank in the administration as well as the salary of the Mansabdar.
Sawar – This represented the Cavalry Rank. It denotes the number of horses and cavalrymen maintained by Sawar.
The position of Mansabdar in the hierarchy depended on the Zat. On the basis of Zat and Sawar, Mansabdars were classified as:
Third Class Mansabdar – Mansabdars were put in this classification when the number of sawar was less than half the number of Zat.
Second Class Mansabdar – Under this classification, the number of Sawar is equal to half the number of Zat.
First Class Mansabdar – Mansabdars who were classified as First Class had an equal number of Sawar and Zat.
Mansabdars – Salary (Cash & Land)
The salary of Mansabdars was commensurate with their ranks.
Mansabdars who received payments through the land was known as Jagirdars. Basically, Jagirdars were given the right to collect revenue from a piece of land.
Mansabdars who received payments through cash was known