‘During the first 20 years of Congress, it was dominated by moderate nationalists.’ Explain
the aims and objectives of Radicals. How were the policies of the Radicals totally in contrast
with the Moderates?
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Answers
Answer:
The Early Nationalists,[3] also known as the Moderates,[4] were a group of political leaders in India active between 1885 and 1907. Their emergence marked the beginning of the organised national movement in India. Some of the important moderate leaders were Pherozeshah Mehta and Dadabhai Naoroji.[5] With members of the group drawn from educated middle-class professionals including lawyers, teachers and government officials, many of them were educated in England. They are known as "Early Nationalists" because they believed in demanding reforms while adopting constitutional and peaceful means to achieve their aims.[6][7] The Early Nationalists had full faith in the British sense of justice, fair play, honesty, and integrity while they believed that British rule was a boon for India.[8] The Early Nationalists were staunch believers in open-minded and moderate politics
The politics of the radicals within the Congress was different from that of the moderates. The radicals were opposed to the “politics of prayers” followed by the Moderates within congress. They explored more radical objectives and methods.
Radicals:
a. The radicals opposed the moderate’s ‘policy of petitions’ and ‘resolutions’.
b. They laid stress on self-reliance and constructive work.
c. Radicals demanded ‘Swaraj’ from British rule.
d. The extremists advocated the radical methods of strikes and boycott for the fulfillment of their demands.
Moderates:
a. Wanted self-government or Swaraj within the British Empire.
b. Their whole attitude was of reconciliation and not confrontation.
c. They would do nothing which would offend the British rulers.
d. The demands were presented to the British through petitions, meetings, speeches and resolutions.