Question

during the first two weeks of the human menstrual cycle artificially increasing blood levels of oestrogen and progesterone will hindi meaning​

Answer 1

Explanation:

Progesterone belongs to a group of steroid hormones called progestogens. It is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle. It plays important roles in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy.

During the menstrual cycle, when an egg is released from the ovary at ovulation (approximately day 14), the remnants of the ovarian follicle that enclosed the developing egg form a structure called the corpus luteum. This releases progesterone and, to a lesser extent, oestradiol. The progesterone prepares the body for pregnancy in the event that the released egg is fertilised. If the egg is not fertilised, the corpus luteum breaks down, the production of progesterone falls and a new menstrual cycle begins.

If the egg is fertilised, progesterone stimulates the growth of blood vessels that supply the lining of the womb (endometrium) and stimulates glands in the endometrium to secrete nutrients that nourish the early embryo. Progesterone then prepares the tissue lining of the uterus to allow the fertilised egg to implant and helps to maintain the endometrium throughout pregnancy. During the early stages of pregnancy, progesterone is still produced by the corpus luteum and is essential for supporting the pregnancy and establishing the placenta. Once the placenta is established, it then takes over progesterone production at around week 8-12 of pregnancy. During pregnancy, progesterone plays an important role in the development of the foetus; stimulates the growth of maternal breast tissue; prevents lactation; and strengthens the pelvic wall muscles in preparation for labour. The level of progesterone in the body steadily rises throughout pregnancy until labour occurs and the baby is born.

Although the corpus luteum in the ovaries is the major site of progesterone production in humans, progesterone is also produced in smaller quantities by the ovaries themselves, the adrenal glands and, during pregnancy, the placenta.

Answer 2

Menstruation – A woman's body is susceptible to various changes throughout her life cycle. The menstrual cycle refers to the monthly process of changes that occur in women, which are beneficial to pregnancy. When an ovum is not fertilized, the uterine lining sheds, resulting in bleeding, known as menstruation.

Menstruation begins in a girl between the ages of 10 and 15 when she reaches puberty, and this onset is known as menarche. Menopause is the cessation of menstruation, which occurs around 50. 

The first day of bleeding is considered the first day of a menstrual cycle, and the time between menstrual cycles can range from 28 to 30 days.

Before delving into the various phases of the menstrual cycle, it is necessary first to understand the female reproductive system and the organs involved in this cycle. They primarily consist of:

Ovaries that store, nourish, and release eggs.

The uterus (womb) is where a fertilized egg implants, and the foetus develops.

The transformations that occur during the menstrual cycle. A number of hormones regulate the process, the roles of which are as follows:

• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates follicle development.
• The follicle cells then secrete estrogen. An increase in oestrogen levels causes the endometrium in the uterus to thicken. It also stimulates the pituitary gland to produce Luteinizing hormone (LH), which results in ovulation.
• The follicle develops into the corpus luteum as the LH level rises, followed by an increase in progesterone secretion.
• The corpus luteum then secretes a large amount of progesterone into the uterus to prepare it for implantation. When oestrogen and progesterone levels are high, FSH and LH levels are reduced.
• If there is no implantation, progesterone and oestrogen levels drop, resulting in endometrium breakdown and the onset of menstruation.
• When menstruation begins, the level of FSH and LH rises again, indicating the beginning of a new menstrual cycle.

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