Question

e 48. In which of the following processes, energy is liberated (a) CI+ CI+ + e (b) HCl →H +C1 (c) 0+e →02 ) (d) F +e → 11 1.lfthefo11 ainult​

Answer 1

Option A) CI+CI+e

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Answer 2

Energy is liberated in the following process: (c) $O^{-}+e^{-}$ → $O^{2-}$

As the above reaction is exothermic, energy is liberated.  

Oxygen has six electrons in its outermost shell, so it gains two electrons to complete the octet of its outermost shell to form an oxide ion.

Here, oxygen has already gained one electron and now has seven electrons in its outermost shell. Thus, it will readily accept one more electron to complete the octet.

(a) $Cl$ → $Cl^{+}+e^{-}$

Chlorine has seven electrons in its outermost shell. Hence, it will gain one electron to complete its octet.

Here, the loss of one electron is depicted to form a cation. This reaction will require a huge amount of energy.

(b) $HCl$ → $H^{+} + Cl^{-}$

The above reaction depicts the dissociation of an ionic compound HCl. The compound is an ionic compound and again a lot of energy will be required to break the strong electrostatic attraction in an ionic bond.

(d) $F$ + $F^{+}+e^{-}$

Iron has three electrons present in its outermost shell. Hence, it will lose electrons to gain an octet configuration rather than gaining four electrons.

Here, the formation of iron anion is shown which will require a lot of energy.