E. Answer the following in short.
1. Define chemistry.
2. What are food additives?
3. What are petrochemicals?
4. Why are silicon and germanium useful in the electronics industry?
5. Name some building materials manufactured by chemical processes.
6. Why is a wire gauze placed under glass apparatus when they are heated?
Answers
1)-->Chemistry, the science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substances (defined as elements and compounds), the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or absorbed during these processes.
2)-->Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities. Some additives have been used for centuries; for example, preserving food by pickling, salting, as with bacon, preserving sweets or using sulfur dioxide as with wines.
3)-->Petrochemicals can be defined as a large group of chemicals derived from natural gas and petroleum and further used for a variety of chemical purposes, which are extremely important in modern civilization. From: Advances in Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment, 2015.
4)-->Each has four valence electrons, but germanium will at a given temperature have more free electrons and a higher conductivity. Silicon is by far the more widely used semiconductor for electronics, partly because it can be used at much higher temperatures than germanium.
5)-->Common building materials used for process plants include carbon steel, stainless steel, steel alloys, graphite, glass, titanium, plastic, Monel, and many more. For this discussion let's focus on materials of construction that are used for highly corrosive and abrasive media.
6)-->Wire gauze is placed on the support ring that is attached to the retort stand between the Bunsen burner and the glassware to support the beakers, flasks, or other glassware during heating. ... The ceramic at the centre of the wire gauze is enmeshed at high pressure to prevent it from peeling
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