E. Answer the following questions.
1. Describe the administrative reforms made by lltutmish to strengthen his hold on Delhi Sultanate.
2.
"Balban was a strong and capable ruler'. Support the statement by giving suitable arguments.
3. Explain briefly the economic reforms of Ala-ud-din Khalji.
4. State the reforms made by Feroz Tughlaq to redress the grievances of the people.
5. Describe Muhammad Tughlaq's projects which failed.
Answers
Answer:
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Answer:
1.1) Iltutmish made many administrative reforms. 2) He organised a group of 40 Turkish nobles known as chaliha. 3) He divided his empire into many iqtas (provinces, states). 4) He introduced silver coins (tanka), copper coins (jital).
2.Yes, Balban was the greatest ruler. He controlled the misrule of disobedient Turkish sardars and he destroyed the Turkish sardars' evil group. In fact, the record of Nasir-ud-din's reign is the list of Balban'sachievements.
3.Alauddin Khilji introduced many economic reformsduring his rule. Alauddin had to maintain a huge army. This had become all the more imperative in view of Mongal raids and internal revolts. ... Alauddin fixed the prices of food grains, cloth and other commodities, and had them enforced rigorously.
4.Feroz Tughlaq made many reforms to redress the grievances that people had against Muhammad Tughlaq.
1. He constructed many canals and Tanks. The old tanks were repaired.
2. Land revenue was reduced and markets were opened to sell the surplus produce.
3. New coins of smaller denominations were also introduced.
4. He opened schools and gave grants to the scholars to promote literacy activities.
5. He helped the poor Muslims
Project-1
He transferred his capital from Delhi to Devgiri, to avoid the fury of attacks of Mangols and to exercise between control on the Deccan. Many people died on the way to Devgiri, which was 950 km away. On the other hand, his absence from the north encouraged frequent attacks from Mangols. After five years, he ordered a retreat and Delhi once again became the capital of the Sultanate.
Project-2
He imposed land tax in the Deals area at 50 per cent of the produce. The peasants, who had recently suffered due to a wide famine, were stumped by the order. Many farmers gave up cultivation and there land lay barren. This project also ended in an utter failure.
Project-3
The failure of his projects emptied his treasury. He then thought of issuing token currency of copper instead of silver. But due to increased circulation of counterfeit coins, he had to withdraw hi orders and asked the people to exchange their coins with silver coins. This caused heavy loss to the royal treasury.
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5.