E. Answer the following questions.
1. Describe the course of the Revolt of 1857.
2. Describe five main causes of the First War of Independence.
3. What steps did the British take to suppress the Revolt?
4. Why did the First War of Independence fail inspite of the participation of different sections of Indian Society? Explain.
5. What changes were made in the administration of India after the Revolt was suppressed?
Answers
Answer:
1. The events that led to the revolt began on 29 March 1857 at Barrackpore. Mangal Pandey (a sepoy) refused to use the greased cartridges and single handedly attacked and killed his officer. Mangal Pandey was hanged. The regiment toAvhich his belonged was disbanded and sepoys guilty of rebellion punished.
2. The war was fought against the British by the Indians to do away with the dominance of the Britishers. It was also referred as Indian Mutiny, Indian Rebellion and also as Indian Revolt. The main reason for this war were political, social, religious, economical and military.
3. The important measures taken by the British to suppress the rebellion are as follows:
- large scale of execution: In north India where rebels were holding ground, Marshal Law was imposed.
- Diplomacy: The British masters used diplomacy as tool to weaken and destroy the rebellions.
4. This failed due to the reason that it did not take place at the same time and instead in different time in different place. It was supposed to arise a few days after but due to many causes it arouse earlier. Many of the Prince's remained loyal to the British. Thus it failed.
5. After the revolt of 1857, The Government of India Act of 1858 transferred the control of India from the East India Company to the Crown. Now power to govern India was vested in the Crown through the Secretary of State who was responsible to the British Parliament.
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