E. Answer the following questions.
1.
Mention the difficulties faced by Humayun after coming to the throne.
2. Compare the religious policy of Akbar with that of Aurangzeb.
3.
Describe Shah Jahan's Deccan policy.
4.
Describe the uniform system of administration established by the Mughals.
5.
List any five factors responsible for the decline of the Mughal empire.
Answers
Q1 ANS
1. Humayun had inherited and empty treasure.
2. He had faced oppositions from his brothers, relatives, Afghans and Rajputs.
3. He was addicted to opium.
4. He lacked in military ability.
5. He was defeated by Sher Shah Suri.
Q2 ANS
Aurangzeb
1. He was a staunch Muslim.
2. He forced Hindus to adopt Islam.
3. He imposed Jaiza on Hindus.
4. His policies for religions were not good.
Akbar
1. He set up a hall for worship ( Ibadat Khana ) which was open to believers of different religions.
2. He started Din-i-Ilahi.
3. It was a socio-religious path to bridge differences among communities.
Q3 ANS
1. Under Shah Jahan, the Deccan policy of the Mughals entered a new phase.
2. He annexed Ahmadnagar and Daulatabad.
3. He forced the rulers of Bijapur and Golconda to accept his supremacy.
4. In 1636, Shah Jahan retired to Agra.
5. He appointed Aurangzeb as the Governer of Deccan in the same year.
Q4 ANS
1. They established a uniform system which was a combination of Indian and Persian system.
2. They believed in the supreme authority of the king.
3. A strong army and efficient ministers assisted the emperor.
4. The empire was divided into Subas ( provinces ) which were governed by Subedars ( governers ).
5. The Diwan was the collector of land revenue.
6. The Kotwal looked after the law and order in the city.
Q5 ANS
1. The religious intolerance of Aurangzeb turned Rajputs against him, who always supported the Mughal Empire.
2. Corrupt officials and the heavy burden of land revenue resulted in revolts by peasants leading to low tax.
3. Aurangzeb remained in Deccan for 20 years, which allowed the governors to make the state's independent.
4. Weak successors of Aurangzeb provided an invitation for internal rebels.
5. The death of each ruler resulted in wars and conspiracies of nobles.