E. Answer the following questions.
1. Provide two examples each of living and non-living things that are
natural.
2. Why do animals breathe? Name two body parts that animals use for
breathing.
3. Define locomotion. Explain it by providing two examples.
4. How do plants make food?
5. Provide the names of five sense organs in human beings.
Answers
Introduction
Respiration is an oxidation process which involves degradation of a complex organic compound, hence carbon dioxide and water and energy are produced. Respiration process can be divided into two phases –
External Respiration or Breathing
In this process, animals intake oxygen and release carbon dioxide. It is also known as breathing. This is mainly two phases.
Inspiration: It is the process by means of which oxygen is taken to the lungs.
Expiration: During expiration, carbondioxide is expelled out from the respiratory organs into the environment.
Internal Respiration or Cellular Respiration
In this process, oxygen is used in chemical reactions within the cells. These reactions release energy from food substances and produced carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
Sugar+{ O }_{ 2 }\longrightarrow { CO }_{ 2 }+{ H }_{ 2 }O+EnergySugar+O2⟶CO2+H2O+Energy
Respiration in Animals
The mode of external respiration varies greatly from organism to organism. The basic process of respiration (cellular respiration) is similar in all living organisms. The process of exchange gases varies in different animals.
1. Through Plasma Membrane
In unicellular animals, such as amoeba, exchange of gases takes place through cell surface. They absorb oxygen from the surrounding air or water and give out carbon dioxide through plasma membrane by diffusion.

2. Through Body Wall or Skin
Tapeworms, earthworms, and leeches use their skin for the exchange of gases. The skin of Earthworms is very thin and moistened. Many blood cells are spread on this skin. These blood cells are known as capillaries. The exchange of gases occurs at capillaries. They die of suffocation if their skin is dried up.

Amphibians such as frogs use more than one organ of respiration during their life. They breathe through gills while they are tadpoles. Mature frogs breathe mainly with lungs and also exchange gas with the environment through skin.

3. Through Tracheal System
In insects like cockroaches, grasshopper, transportation of gas or gaseous exchange take place by a special type of fine tubes is called tracheae.

Air containing oxygen enters through spiracles into the tracheal tubes. It then diffuses into the body tissue and reaches every cell in the body. Carbon dioxide released from the cells goes into the tracheal tubes and comes out through spiracles.
4. Through Gills
A majority of aquatic animals like fish and prawns breathe through special organs called gills. Gilla are projections of the skin that help in using oxygen dissolved in water. Gills contain blood vessels which help in exchange of gases.

Answer:
1) Living is Dogs and animals and Non living are wood and water
2) Animals breathe oxygen because it's a important process without no animal can live . animals use nose and lungs to breathe.
3)The movement of the animals is known as locomotion. For example The movement of bird is flying and Fish is swimming.
4) Plants make food by the process of photosynthesis . This is the process of making food by the raw materials Provided by nature like chlorophyll, sunlight , CO2 and many more.
5) Name of sense organs are
Skin
Tongue
eyes
Ears
Nose
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