E. Answer the following questions. 1. What was the political condition of the country under Aryans? 2. What was the condition of women in the Early Vedic Period. 3. Explain the Varna System. What change did it undergo during Later Vedic Period? 4. List the achievements of the Aryans in the field of science and mathematics. 5. List the occupations of the Aryans.
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1.The country under Aryans was formed of a number of small and large kingdoms. Kingship was inherited. Emperor of a small kingdom was called Raja. On other hands, the Samrat or Maharaja controlled a large kingdom.
2.In the Early Vedic (or Rig-Vedic) period the womenfolk had a high status in the society. Women were highly respected in the family a well. A married woman used to perform religious ceremonies as a partner of her husband. Despite the prominence of men in family women were considered as the masters of the household.
3.This quadruple division is a form of social stratification not to be confused with the much more nuanced Jāti or the European term "caste". The varna system is discussed in Hindu texts, and understood as idealised human callings. The concept is generally traced to the Purusha Sukta verse of the Rig Veda.
4.Mathematics also known as Ganita included arithmetic, geometry and algebra.
The vedic people had the knowledge of zero. They also knew the decimal system, cube, cube root, square root, under root etc.
Astronomy was the favourite subject of Aryans. The Aryans can foretell solar and lunar eclipses.
5.a)Fishing and Trading.
b)Trading.
c)Fishing.
a)Agriculture and cattle rearing.
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