Question

E. Differentiate between
1, meristematic and permanent tissues.
3, parenchyma and sclerenchyma.
5. xylem and phloem.​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Explanation:

(1.)

MERISTEMATIC TISSUES:-

1. Can divide
2. Undifferentiated cells
3. Always simple tissues, composing of one type of cell only
4. Always Living cells
5. Contains dense cytoplasm
6. Prominent nucleus Always
7. Pace of cell division Rapid
8. Size – small, Shape – isodiametric, Lumen – large
9. Compactly arranged. No intercellular spaces
10. Vacuoles Usually absent
11. Metabolic rate Very high

PERMANENT TISSUES:-

1. Cannot divide
2. Differentiated cells
3. Can be simple or complex tissue. If complex, contains more than one type of cells
4. Can be non-living(Sclerenchyma) or living(Parenchyma)
5. May or may not contain cytoplasm
6. Prominent nucleus Prominent in some cells (Parenchyma) while absent in others(Sclerenchyma)
7. Pace of cell division Completely differentiated, do not divide
8. Size – large, Shape – varies, Lumen – very narrow or wide
9. Loose in some(Parenchyma) Compact in some(Sclerenchyma)
10. Vacuoles present in living cells. But dead cells lack protoplasm
11. Metabolic rate Very less or no metabolism at all

(3.)

PARENCHYMA:-

1. These are the cells found in the soft part of plants, such as leaves, fruits
2. These cells are not the specialised cells
3. This cell consists of a thin cell wall
4. The cell wall is made up of cellulose
5. These consists of the living cell at maturity

SCLERENCHYMA:-

1. These cells are found in mature parts of the plant like herbaceous perennials and woody plants
2. These cells are specialised
3. The cell wall consists of a thick and rigid cell wall
4. The cell wall is made up of waterproofing lignin
5. These cells consist of dead cells at maturity

(5.)

XYLEM:-

1. Xylem tissues are the tubular-shaped structure, with the absence of cross walls. This tissue resembles the shape of a star.
2. It is located in the centre of the vascular bundle.
3. Xylem fibres are smaller.
4. They are present in roots, stems and leaves.
5. These tissues move in a Unidirectional. (only in one direction – upward direction)
6. They live with hollow dead cells.
7. The total amount of xylem tissue is more.
8. Forms vascular bundles with phloem.
9. Transports soluble mineral nutrients and water molecules from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant.
10. Provides mechanical strength to the plant and helps in strengthening the stem.

PHLOEM:-

1. Phloem tissues are tubular-shaped, elongated, structures with the presence of walls with thin sieve tubes.
2. It is located on the outer side of the vascular bundle.
3. Phloem fibres are larger.
4. They are present in stems and leaves, which later transports and grow in roots, fruits and seeds.
5. These tissues move in a Bidirectional. (both ways – up and down)
6. They live with cytoplasm without the nucleus.
7. The total amount of phloem tissue is less.
8. Forms vascular bundles with xylem.
9. Transports food and other nutrients including sugar and amino acids from leaves to storage organs and growing parts of the plant.
10. Translocates the synthesized sugars by the photosynthetic areas of plants to storage organs like roots, bulbs and tubers.