E. Differentiate between the following.
1. Absolute and relative humidity
2. Humidity and rainfall
3. Wind vane and Anemometer
4. Tropical and polar region
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Answer:
- Absolute vs. Relative Humidity – What’s the Difference?
Absolute humidity is the measure of water vapor (moisture) in the air, regardless of temperature. It is expressed as grams of moisture per cubic meter of air (g/m3).
The maximum absolute humidity of warm air at 30°C/86°F is approximately 30g of water vapor – 30g/m3. The maximum absolute humidity of cold air at 0°C/32°F is approximately 5g of water vapor – 5g/m3.
Relative humidity also measures water vapor but RELATIVE to the temperature of the air. It is expressed as the amount of water vapor in the air as a percentage of the total amount that could be held at its current temperature.
Warm air can hold far more moisture than cold air meaning that the relative humidity of cold air would be far higher than warm air if their absolute humidity levels were equal.
Relative humidity is cited in weather forecasts as it affects how we “feel” temperature.
As an example, consider two containers:
Container one has a maximum volume of 30g of water and is half full- it contains 50% of its capacity.
Container two has a maximum volume of 5g of water and is three-quarters full- it contains 75% of its capacity.
2. Humidity and rainfall
Humidity is the presence of water in the form of a gas. When water is its gaseous phase, it is often called “water vapor.” Even though water vapor is both colorless and odorless, we can tell when the atmosphere is saturated with moisture. When the relative humidity is high, wet surfaces take longer to dry. For example, recently used bath towels stay moist longer, puddles take longer to evaporate, and people seem to sweat more. When the relative humidity is very high, water vapor will condense out of its gas phase into liquid droplets, creating a layer of fog or of a film of dew. Alternately, when the humidity is fairly low, wet surfaces will dry very quickly, and the rapid evaporation of moisture from your skin, eyes, and lips will make them feel itchy and chapped.
In contrast, rain is composed of water in its liquid phase. Liquid water in the atmosphere takes the form of water droplets. Most cloud droplets are small enough that they can float in the atmosphere, buoyed by air currents. However, when atmospheric conditions are right, cloud droplets can grow larger than half a millimeter in diameter, at which point they fall to the ground in the form of rain, which is why rain is sometimes called rainfall.
3. Wind vane and anemometer.
Difference between Wind vane and anemometer-
An anemometer measures wind speed. Most anemometers consist of 3 or 4 spinning cups mounted on a shaft connected to a magnet and reed switch. or generator.
A wind vane measures wind direction. Most vanes consist of an arrow attached to a spindle. With a cross that has the letters N (north), E (east), S (south), W (west). Electronic wind vanes have a small magnet bar inside a housing. And 4 reed switches. 1 assigned to a specific direction. North being marked for orientation via compass.
4. Tropical and polar region
Earth has tremendous diversity of its ecosystems. Different regions are referred to as climate biomes to understand patterns of weather, biology, and natural events.
The greatest difference between tropical and polar climates is the difference in temperature. Tropical climates are located near the Equator and receive more sun year-round than anywhere else on Earth, while polar climates are the farthest from the Equator and receive the least sunlight and heat of any part of the globe. This makes the winters of polar climates fierce and the summers short, while practically every day in a tropical climate is hot. While both climates might bring to mind precipitation (such as rain in the tropics and snow at the poles), both can also be quite dry. Antarctica is considered the largest desert in the world, since almost no snow falls toward the center of the continent. Tropical deserts, such as the Namib of Africa, are extremely hot and dry, making it difficult for any life to survive.