E. Explain in brief.
1. Besides plasma what are the constituents of blood ? Describe their major functions.
2. Write about five functions of blood.
3. What is blood donation and what role do blood banks play in the process?
4. Describe briefly the process of circulation of blood through the body.
5. Differentiate between arteries and veins.
Answers
Answer:
1) Plasma is the main component of blood and consists mostly of water, with proteins, ions, nutrients, and wastes mixed in. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. White blood cells are part of the immune system and function in immune response.
2) Functions of blood.
Transports gases, nutrients, waste, cells and hormones throughout the body. Transports O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones, heat and wastes. Regulates pH, temperature, water content of cells. Protects against blood loss through clotting.
3) Blood banking refers to the process of collecting, separating, and storing blood. The first U.S. blood bank was established in 1936. Today, blood banks collect blood and separate it into its various components so they can be used most effectively according to the needs of the patient.
4) Blood comes into the right atrium from the body, moves into the right ventricle and is pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle and out to the body's tissues through the aorta.
5) Arteries are blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood low in oxygen from the body back to the heart for reoxygenation.
Answer:
1. besides plasma there are RBC WBC and platlets
2. It supplies oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and rest of the body.
It supplies essential nutrients to cells such as Amino acid, Fatty acid, Glucose etc.
It transports waste products to be removed by kidney.
It transports hormones.Artery Vein
These vessels carry blood from the heart to various body parts. These vessels carry blood from the various parts to the heart.
Carry oxygenated blood from the heart except the pulmonary artery. Carry deoxygenated blood from the body parts except the pulmonary vein.
Blood flows under high pressure. Blood flows under low pressure.
Absence of valves. Valves are present to prevent the backward flow of blood.
It has role in inflammation. Eg. leucocytes destroys microorganisms, Platelets initiate blood clotting etc.
It regulates our body temperature.
It regulates pH by interacting acids and bases.
3. blood donation means transfusing the blood of one person to another
4. The heart receives deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body, and it pumps this blood to the lungs. The oxygenated blood from the lungs returns to the heart, which is pumped again into different parts of the body by the heart. Thus, the blood passes twice through the heart making one complete round through the body. This is called double circulation.
Pulmonary and systemic circulation
The pulmonary circulation pertains to lungs. The blood flows from the right ventricle to the lungs. Pulmonary veins collect oxygenated blood from the lungs and carry it back to the heart (left auricle).
The systemic circulation pertains to the major circulation of the body. The aorta receives the blood from the left ventricle and sends it to the various parts of the body. Veins collect the deoxygenated blood from the body parts and pour it back into the right auricle.
5. artries conduct oxygenated blood and vien carry deoxygenated