E. Explain in brief.
1. How does hookworm infection occur?
2. Describe the ways in which communicable diseases are transmitted through food and water.
3. Why is it not advisable to eat improperly cooked fish or meat?
4. Distinguish between marasmus and kwashiorkor.
Answers
Answer:
1) The larvae mature into a form that can penetrate the skin of humans. Hookworm infection is transmitted primarily by walking barefoot on contaminated soil. One kind of hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale)can also be transmitted through the ingestion of larvae.
2) Food- or water-borne illnesses are not spread from casual contact with another person. A person can come into contact with food- or water-borne bacteria by eating or drinking something that has bacteria in it.
3) Another reason why fish is cooked is the risk of food poisoning. The main symptoms of food poisoning include upset stomach, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Potentially harmful bacteria detected in raw fish include Listeria, Vibrio, Clostridium and Salmonella ( 14 , 15 , 16 )
4) Marasmus occurrence increases prior to age 1, whereas kwashiorkor occurrence increases after 18 months. It can be distinguished from kwashiorkor in that kwashiorkor is protein deficiency with adequate energy intake whereas marasmus is inadequate energy intake in all forms, including protein.