e. Human desire is the root cause of ozone depletion. Explain. In what ways, is
ozone depletion different from the global warming?
f. How does the global climate change influence biodiversity and the extinction
of species?
g. How does environmental factor influence the phenophases of plants and
animals?
Answers
Answer: E)
as the main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is manufactured chemicals, especially manufactured halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and foam- blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, halons). Since the early 1970's, scientists observed reduction in stratospheric ozone and it was found more prominent in Polar Regions. ODS substances have a lifetime of about 100 years.
Explanation:
F)As climate change alters temperature and weather patterns, it will also impact plant and animal life. Scientists expect the number and range of species, which define biodiversity, will decline greatly as temperatures continue to rise. The loss of biodiversity could have many negative impacts on the future of ecosystems and humanity worldwide.
Climate Change's Impact on Environment
Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, absorb heat from sunlight, preventing it from escaping back into space. As the level of greenhouse gases rises, so will temperatures. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that by 2100, temperatures may rise as much as 6 degrees Celsius (11 degrees Fahrenheit). Though the Earth's climate has changed in the past, the rapid severity of this change will directly affect ecosystems and biodiversity.
Effects on Land Biodiversity
Rising temperatures already affect the world's polar regions. Diminishing ice packs reduce the habitats of polar bears, penguins, puffins, and other Arctic creatures. As the ice melts, it increases the sea level, which will affect and perhaps destroy ecosystems on coastlines. Changes in temperatures will also cause shifts in mating cycles, especially for migratory animals that rely on changing seasons to indicate their migration and reproductive timing.
g)
Signs of spring—leaf-out, flowering, insect emergence, and bird migration—are happening increasingly early, and are among the most dramatic changes that have occurred with a warming climate. These earlier shifts in phenology (the timing of seasonal biological events) are one way in which plants and animals are responding and coping with climate change. In years with warmer springs for example, birds may advance the timing of when they breed to coincide with earlier vegetation green-up and peak prey abundance, and this match in timing ensures successful reproduction and survival.
While some species and populations are keeping pace with warmer springs by breeding earlier, others have not changed their timing, and are even breeding later than they have in the past. These inadequate shifts in breeding phenology can pose an increased risk of ‘phenological mismatch’ with prey that has been shifting at a faster rate, a phenomenon which has been linked to population declines in many bird species. Migratory birds are thought to be particularly vulnerable to mismatch, as their journeys place them thousands of kilometers away from changing conditions on the breeding grounds, and limit the time available to breed earlier in the year.