E. Long-answer questions
1.) Explain why the excretory system is
important to the body.
2.) Write a short note on the different
substances that are excreted by the human
body.
3. With the help of a diagram, describe the
structure of a nephron.
4. Briefly describe how urine is formed in the
kidneys. 52
5. Write a short note on kidney failure. How is
this condition treated?
6. How does the skin help the body to excrete
substances?
7. Write a short note on the excretion of waste
by the skin.
Answers
Answer:
(1) - The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
(2) - Excretion gets rid of carbon dioxide, water, and other, possibly harmful, substances from your body. Your lungs excrete carbon dioxide as you breathe out, your kidneys filter out nasties to produce urine, removing nitrogen waste from your body, and your skin sheds excess salt through sweat.
(3) - Each Nephron has basically two parts :
1. Malpighian body
2. Renal tubule
Malpighian Body:
It consists of Bowman’s capsule and bunch of fine blood capillaries called glomerulus.
Glomerulus develops from afferent arteriole.
It gives rise to an efferent arteriole.
Renal Tubule:
It has three parts
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle
‘U’ shaped second or Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
(4) - The kidneys filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete them. There are three main steps of urine formation: glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. These processes ensure that only waste and excess water are removed from the body.
(5) - When your kidneys fail, it means they have stopped working well enough for you to survive without treatment. There is no cure for kidney failure (also called end-stage renal disease (ESRD)). But, many people live long lives on dialysis or with a kidney transplant. Your doctor can help you decide which treatment is best for you.
The main treatments for kidney failure are:
Dialysis
Kidney transplant
Medical management
(6) - The skin plays a role in excretion through the production of sweat by sweat glands. Sweating eliminates excess water and salts, as well as a small amount of urea, a byproduct of protein catabolism. The liver is a very important organ of excretion.
(7) - Excretion is a process in which metabolic waste is eliminated from an organism. In vertebrates this is primarily carried out by the lungs, kidneys and skin. This is in contrast with secretion, where the substance may have specific tasks after leaving the cell.
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