e-waste Mobile and computer review of literature
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The dumping of e-waste, particularly computer waste, into India from developed countries has further complicated the problems with the management of E- Waste, P.Kiddee et al(2013).The increased ‘market penetration’ into the developing countries and ‘high obsolescence rate’ make e-waste one of the fastest growing waste streams all over the world. Thus e-waste management has become not only an issue of environment but also human health. It also possesses a series challenge in disposal and recycling to both developed and developing countries (Zhang et al.,2012,Nguyen Minh Tue,2014,Xiaofeng Wang,2012,Pucket et al 2002).
In accordance with the national development policy (NDP) and for sustainable development, there is a greater need to improve the recovery and/or reuse of useful materials from waste generated from a process and/or from the use of any material and thus to reduce the waste destined for final disposal and to ensure the environmentally sound management of all materials (MoEF 2008).
As per global report Live science.com World’s E-Waste grow to 33% by 2017.As per United Nations University
2013, E-Waste can fill a line of 40-ton trucks end-to-end on a highway straddling three quarters of the equator.
In USA-According to Environment protection act (EPA) in 2008, 3.16 million tones of E-waste were generated and only 13.6% of this amount was recycled. The rest was trashed in landfills or incinerators. Nearly 80% of all the E-waste are exported to Asia (MoEF 2008)
Recycling Challenges in India
Ms. Neethu Lukose
Abstract- Electronics industry is the world’s largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry. But the increase in sales of electronic equipments and their rapid obsolescence such as advancement in technology, change in fashion, style and status has resulted in generation of electronic waste which is popularly known as E-waste. E-waste contains many hazardous components that may negatively impact the environment and adversely affect human health if not properly managed. E-waste problem is of global concern due to the production and disposal of waste in a globalized world. In India, e-waste management has greater significance not only due to the generation of its own e-waste but also because of the dumping of e-waste from developed countries. This is coupled with India’s lack of appropriate infrastructure and procedures for its disposal and recycling. The challenge is to develop innovative and cost- effective solutions to decontaminate polluted environments due to E-waste , to make them safe for human habitation and consumption, and to protect the functioning of the ecosystems which support life. This paper discusses the different categories of E-waste, categorization of different hazardous components present in e-waste, methods of E-waste management and an innovative bioremediation technologies which have become an eco-friendly and fruitful method to conventional clean up technologies to decontaminate e-waste from the soil-water environment, the challenges in which India is facing for the management of E-waste and suggestion for a formal method of E-waste recycling in India.
Index Terms - E-waste management, recycling, hazardous components, formal method, cost-effective solution, bioremediation
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1 INTRODUCTION
The production of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) is one of the fastest growing global manufacturing activities. Rapid economic growth, urbanization and a growing demand for consumer goods, leads to the consumption and the production of EEE. E-waste comprises of wastes generated from used electronic devices and house hold appliances which are not fit for their original intended use and are destined for recovery, recycling or disposal(MoEF 2008).The Indian information technology(IT) industry has been one of the major drivers of change in the economy in the last decade and has contributed significantly to the digital revolution being experienced by the world(J. Zhang, X- J.Liang,2012et al ,Anwesha Borthakur,2012,S.B Wath,2010,Shalabh Agarwal ,2014). Even though electronic applications have infiltrated every aspect of our daily lives, such as comfort, health ,security ,easy information, data acquisition, the knowledge society is creating its own toxic footprints. As per D. Sinha- Khetriwal et al,(2005), while we are having some of the world’s most advanced high-tech software and hardware developing facilities, India’s recycling sector can be called medieval.