Question

each of the three atoms of hydrogen
18. Explain the terms a) Lone pair of electrons bj Coordinate bond Explain diagrammatically the lone pair effect of
a] The nitrogen atom of the ammonia molecule leading to the formation of ammonium ions (NH)
b] The oxygen atom of the H2O molecule leading to formation of hydronium [H30] & hydroxyl ions (OH)
17​

Answer 1

Explanation:

the difference between bond pair and lone pair is that a bond pair is composed of two electrons that are in a bond where as a lone pair is composed of two electrons that are not in a bond. lone lone pairs refer to the valence electrons that are not sharing with another atom in a covalent bond and is sometimes called an non bonding pair it is found in the outermost electron shell of atoms. the number of lone pair electrons + the number of bonding electrons equals the total number of valence electrons around an atom. lone pair is a concept use ine valencell electron pair repulsion theory which explains the shapes of molecules. however not all known bounding pairs of electrons are considered by chemists to be lone pairs.

a single lone pair can be found with atoms in nitrogen group such as nitrogen in ammonia. ammonium ions NH4 Plus are formed by the transfer of hydrogen ions to the lone pairs of electrons in the ammonia molecule. so it can be donate lone pairs of electron two hydrogen atoms and form hydronium ion.

sorry can't provide with you the diagrams

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