Question

Each of these questions consists of two statements followed by two conclusions i and ii. Find which of the conclusions logically follows the given statements, even though they are at variance with commonly known facts. Statements: all scientists are researchers. Some researchers are teachers. Conclusions: i. No scientist is a teacher. Ii. Some teachers are scientists.

Answer 1

❄️Answer :❄️

❄️In statements:❄️

i)All scientists are researchers.

❄️In conclusion :❄️

ii)Some scientists are teachers.

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Answer 2

a) if only conclusion I follows

b)if only conclusion II follows

c) if either I or II follows

d) if neither I nor II follows

Answer: d) if neither I nor II follows

Given, all scientists are researchers, but all researchers are not scientists

Some researchers are teachers, and as we conclude from above that all researchers are not scientists even though all all scientists are researchers. But since all scientists are researchers there  can be or cannot be a possibility that some teachers who are researchers are  scientists.  Hence we are not sure here and  so we can say from the above choice "neither I nor II follows"

Explanation:

These type of questions are known as logical deduction questions. Any categorical statement in Logic is called the "proposition". " Propositions" are declarations where any "some of, or all of", a group of objects — the group of objects defined by the "subject word" of a sentence — is either "included in", or is "omitted from", a "another set" — the set specified by the "predicate term" "of the sentence"'.

"Quantifier+Subject+Copula+Predicate"

Therefore, the proposition comprises 4 parts :

1.  Quantifier: The terms "all", "no" and "some" are considered "quantifiers"  since  specify "quantity"  and "n" & "all" are "universal quantifiers", since they apply to each object in a specific set and the quantifier "some" is a specific quantifier since it refers to atleast 1 existing object in a specific set.
2. Subject: About "which" something is said.
3. Predicate: Part of the "proposition" denoting that "which" is denied/affirmed  about the "subject".
4. Copula : Part of the "proposition" that indicates the "relation" between the "subject & the predicate".

In each question in logical deduction there are some statements followed by some "conclusions" numbered I & II. You must take the statements/assertions into account, although they tend to be at odds with conventional evidence. Read the assertion and then determine the conclusions follow logically from the 2 statements, disregarding commonly known facts.

To know more

How to solve logical deduction questions? - Brainly.in

https://brainly.in/question/1692507