eading comprehen
a. Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
10*1=10
Sportsmanship can be defined as a fair and generous behaviour or treatment of others,
especially in a sporting contest. In general, sportsmanship refers to virtues such as fairness,
self-control, courage, persistence, maintaining self-control when dealing with others, and
respect for both - the concerned authorities and the opponents. The four elements of
sportsmanship are being in good form, the will to win, equity and fairness. All the four
elements are important and a balance must be maintained among all the four. These
elements may also cause conflict, as a person may desire to win more than play fairly. When
athletes become too self-centred, the idea of sportsmanship is dismissed. Since every sport
is rule-driven, the most common offence of bad sportsmanship is the act of cheating or
breaking the rules to gain an unfair advantage. A competitor who exhibits poor
sportsmanship after losing a game or contest is often called a 'sore loser', while a
competitor who exhibits poor sportsmanship after winning is typically called a 'bad winner.
A sore loser blames others for the loss, does not accept responsibility for the defeat, reacts
in an improper way and makes excuses. A bad winner acts in a shallow way after the victory,
such as gloating about his or her win, lowering the opponent's self-respect, by mocking the
opponent of poor performance even if the opponent has competed well. Not showing
respect to the other team is considered is a sign of bad sportsmanship and could lead to
demoralizing effects. Today's sporting culture gives more importance to the idea of
competition and winning and thus sportsmanship takes a back seat as a result.
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