. Easily visible anatomical traits are only one kind of evidence scientists rely on when classifying organisms. Additional evidence comes from many different sources, including the fossil record and genomic analysis. Explain how these additional sources of evidence together are used to build a cladogram.
Answers
Evolution The process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms over time
Common ancestor An ancestor shared by two or more descendant species
Fossil Preserved remains of ancient organisms
Homologous structure Structure that are similar in different species due to common ancestry
Vestigial structure Structure that is non-functional, or reduced in function
Analogous structure Structure that evolved independently in different organisms because the organisms lived in similar environments or experienced similar selective pressures
Embryology The study of embryos and their development
Biogeography The study of where organisms live currently, and where their ancestors lived in the past.
Easily visible anatomical traits, or morphological traits, have traditionally been a primary source of evidence for scientists classifying organisms. However, in recent years, additional sources of evidence have become increasingly important for building cladograms, which are diagrams that show the evolutionary relationships between different organisms.
What is Organisms?
The ability to perform fundamental life functions like metabolism, development, reproduction, and response to stimuli is possessed by organisms. They appear in a variety of sizes and shapes and can either be single-celled or multicellular. From the deepest ocean to the highest mountains, organisms can be found in a variety of habitats. Based on their traits and evolutionary connections, organisms can be divided into many categories. Bacteria, archaea, fungus, plants, and mammals are some of these groups.
One important source of evidence is the fossil record. Fossils provide a record of the morphology of extinct organisms and allow scientists to see how different groups of organisms have changed over time. By comparing the morphology of fossils to that of living organisms, scientists can identify patterns of evolutionary change and construct hypotheses about how different groups of organisms are related to each other.
Another important source of evidence is genomic analysis. Scientists can analyze the DNA or RNA sequences of different organisms to identify similarities and differences between them. These similarities and differences can be used to build phylogenetic trees that show the evolutionary relationships between different groups of organisms.
When building a cladogram, scientists use all available sources of evidence to construct a hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships between different organisms. They use morphological traits, fossil evidence, and genomic data to identify patterns of similarity and difference between different groups of organisms. By combining these different sources of evidence, scientists can construct a robust hypothesis about how different groups of organisms are related to each other and how they evolved over time.
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