eassy on importance of science in medical
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Question: Modern medical science has made possible many procedures that are life saving and life enhancing discuss a range of technologies that fit this description, describing the technology and its impact on patients
Cancer kills over 7.6 million people throughout the world each year, there would be a lot more lives destroyed if we did not have the technology that we have today. Modern medical science is evolving everyday and there are many procedures that are carried out that save lives that could not have been saved in the past. New technologies allow doctors to diagnose cancer a lot quicker with more accurate results, which allows them to give the patients the best possible advice on treatments. Treatments for cancer have also evolved and save more lives now than ever. In this essay I am going to describe the technologies that are used in the diagnosis and treatment stages of cancer.
What Is Cancer?
Cancer refers to any one of a large number of diseases which are caused by the rapid development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue.
Normal cells in your body grow and divide slowly and uniformly to make sure that the number of cells in each tissue stays the same
Cancer begins when a deformed cell starts growing and dividing rapidly and out of control. This one ‘bad’ cell divides to give two cells, then 4 cells then 8, and so on until they form a growing mass of cancer cells, this is called a tumour.
In some tumours, the ‘bad’ cells stay in the same place and are unable to spread or grow larger, simply because they have no space to do so. These are less dangerous tumours and are often called ‘Benign tumours’. We all have benign tumours in our body, take moles and warts for example, they are a collection of bed cells that have multiplied but cannot grow any further which means they are totally harmless to us.
However in other tumours the deformed cells are able to involve all surrounding tissue and any other tissue that comes into contact with it. This includes spreading into nearby organs where they can cause serious and sometimes fatal damage. These spreading tumours are called ‘Malignant’ tumours.
Malignant tumours are harmful enough if they stay in the same place and keep spreading, but they can become much worse if they spread and come across blood vessels. The deformed cells can actually spread into the blood vessels and get carried around the body, the cells will eventually get stuck in a vessel somewhere else in the body. Here they again divide and grow forming a new tumour in a new place. This process of spreading cancer throughout the whole body is called ‘Metastasis’.
Diagnosis of Cancer
The diagnosis of cancer is an attempt to accurately determine the origin of the tumour or tumours, and the type of cells involved. The body part in which the cancer first developed is known as the primary site. Locating the primary site will determine how the tumour will behave. Most cancers are recognised because signs or symptoms have appeared or through regular screening. If cancer is suspected then there is an investigation using medical tests which are explained below.
CAT scan
‘Computer Axial Tomography’ takes the idea of conventional x-ray imaging to a new level. X-rays give a clear picture of bones and organs, a CAT scan machine forms a full three-dimensional computer model of a patients insides. Using this technology doctors can examine the patient one narrow slice of body at a time. records x-ray slices across the whole body in a spiral motion. .
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Treatment of cancer
Once the doctors have used one of the previous technologies to give a proper diagnostic they now have the information to best treat the disease, this information is either displayed two dimensionally on an x-ray film or three dimensionally on a computer giving the doctor all the information needed to give the best advice on treating the tumour/tumours. The following treatments use many different technologies to save the lives of cancer victims..
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill off cancerous cells. These drugs can be given orally or by injection. Chemotherapy is considered to be a systemic treatment because the drugs are carried through the blood stream to the entire body, therefore it can kill off tumours no matter where in the body they are, it also means that many tumours can be killed at the same time. Chemotherapy is mainly used to ‘cure’ the cancer in a patients body, to keep the cancer from spreading to other parts of the body, or for the cases which cannot be cured, it is used simply to ease the symptoms.
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