Question

Eassy on The golden era of vijayanagar empire...

Answer 1

The Vijayanagara Empire (also called Karnata Empire,[3] and the Kingdom of Bisnegar by the Portuguese) was based in the Deccan Plateau region in South India. It was established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I of Sangama Dynasty.[4][5][6] The empire rose to prominence as a culmination of attempts by the southern powers to ward off Islamic invasions by the end of the 13th century. It lasted until 1646, although its power declined after a major military defeat in the Battle of Talikota in 1565 by the combined armies of the Deccan sultanates. The empire is named after its capital city of Vijayanagara, whose ruins surround present day Hampi, now a World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India.[7] The writings of medieval European travelers such as Domingo Paes, Fernão Nunes, and Niccolò Da Conti, and the literature in local languages provide crucial information about its history. Archaeological excavations at Vijayanagara have revealed the empire's power and wealth.Differing theories have been proposed regarding the origins of the Vijayanagara empire. Many historians propose that Harihara I and Bukka I, the founders of the empire, were Kannadigas and commanders in the army of the Hoysala Empirestationed in the Tungabhadra region to ward off Muslim invasions from the Northern India.[11][12][13][14] Others claim that they were Telugu people, first associated with the Kakatiya Kingdom, who took control of the northern parts of the Hoysala Empire during its decline.[15] Irrespective of their origin, historians agree the founders were supported and inspired by Vidyaranya, a saint at the Sringeri monastery to fight the Muslim invasion of South India.[16][17] Writings by foreign travelers during the late medieval era combined with recent excavations in the Vijayanagara principality have uncovered much-needed information about the empire's history, fortifications, scientific developments and architectural innovations.[18][19]

Before the early 14th-century rise of the Vijayanagara Empire, the Hindu states of the Deccan — the Yadava Empire of Devagiri, the Kakatiya dynasty of Warangal, the Pandyan Empire of Madurai had been repeatedly raided and attacked by Muslims from the north, and by 1336 these upper Deccan region (modern day Maharashtra, Telangana) had all been defeated by armies of Sultan Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad bin Tughluq of the Delhi Sultanate.[16][20]

Further south in the Deccan region, a Hoysala commander, Singeya Nayaka-III (1280–1300 AD) declared independence after the Muslim forces of the Delhi Sultanate defeated and captured the territories of the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiriin 1294 CE.[21][22] He created the Kampili kingdom, but this was a short lived kingdom during this period of wars.[21][23] Kampili existed near Gulbarga and Tungabhadra river in northeastern parts of the present-day Karnataka state.[23] It ended after a defeat by the armies of Delhi Sultanate. The triumphant army led by Malik Zada sent the news of its victory, over Kampili kingdom, to Muhammad bin Tughluq in Delhi by sending a straw-stuffed severed head of the dead Hindu king.[24] Within Kampili, on the day of certain defeat, the populace committed a jauhar (ritual mass suicide) in 1327/28 CE.[24][25] Eight years later, from the ruins of the Kampili kingdom emerged the Vijayanagara Kingdom in 1336 CE.[22]

In the first two decades after the founding of the empire, Harihara I gained control over most of the area south of the Tungabhadra river and earned the title of Purvapaschima Samudradhishavara ("master of the eastern and western seas"). By 1374 Bukka Raya I, successor to Harihara I, had defeated the chiefdom of Arcot, the Reddys of Kondavidu, and the Sultan of Madurai and had gained control over Goa in the west and the Tungabhadra-Krishna River doab in the north.[26][27] The original capital was in the principality of Anegondi on the northern banks of the Tungabhadra River in today's Karnataka. It was later moved to nearby Vijayanagara on the river's southern banks during the reign of Bukka Raya I, because it was easier to defend against the Muslim armies persistently attacking it from the northern lands.[28]

With the Vijayanagara Kingdom now imperial in stature, Harihara II, the second son of Bukka Raya I, further consolidated the kingdom beyond the Krishna Riverand brought the whole of South India under the Vijayanagara umbrella.[29] The next ruler, Deva Raya I, emerged successful against the Gajapatis of Odisha and undertook important works of fortification and irrigation.[30] Italian traveler Niccolo de Conti wrote of him as the most powerful ruler of India.[31] Deva Raya II (called Gajabetekara)[32] succeeded to the throne in 1424 and was possibly the most capable of the Sangama dynasty rulers.[33] He quelled rebelling feudal lords as well as the Zamorin of Calicut and Quilon in the south. He invaded the island of Sri Lanka and became overlord of the kings of Burma at Pegu and Tanasserim.[34][35][36]

Answer 2

ANSWER;__✍

In the last post, I described the early days of the Tuluva dynasty and the reign of Tuluva Narasa Nayaka and his elder son Viranarasimha Raya. In this post, I shall discuss about the most glorious aspect of the Vijayanagara Empire; the reign of Kannada Rajya Ramana, Andhra Bhoja, and Mooru Rayara Ganda, Sri Krishna Deva Raya who was quite easily the greatest emperor in the history of the Vijayanagara Empire and also one of the greatest emperors ever in Indian history.

There is a legend associated with how Krishna Deva Raya came to power. It is said that when his elder brother and predecessor Viranarasimha Raya was on his deathbed, he asked the Prime Minister of the Vijayanagara Empire, Timmarusu to gouge out the eyes of his younger brother Krishna who was actually the rightful successor and was also the Yuvaraja, so that instead of his brother, his eight year old son could become the Yuvaraja and the subsequent king.

However, Timmarusu knew that Krishna was not only the rightful successor but also the most ideal successor. He first sent Krishna away on exile so that he could be safe. In order to satisfy the wish of the dying king, Timmarusu got the eyes of a dead goat and showed it to the king saying that these were indeed Krishna’s eyes. The king upon seeing that his wish had been fulfilled, breathed his last and died peacefully. After this, Timmarusu recalled Krishna to the capital and he was proclaimed as the king on the occasion of Sri Krishna Janmashtami, the birthday of the god after whom he had been named.