Ecology deals with ‘the web of life' that entangles: (a) every species with the lives of others; and (b) each species with its non- living environment as a whole and each element or factor of that environment. the term organisms refer to all that is living and the term environment denotes everything external to the organisms and includes the physical environment such as climate and the biotic environment. odum (1959) has preferred to define ecology as "the study of the structure and function of nature." the total physical environment of any living organism is the biosphere, and parts of which are of direct or immediate importance to the organism constitute the "effective environment." the complex constituting the organism and the physical environment has now come to be known as ecosystem. ecology then, is the study of the inter-relationships within ecosystems. the environment devoted crop plants is the agro ecosystem, where both animals because there is always an interflow of matter and energy between adjacent ecosystems. the principle of the ecosystem has also brought forth very clearly that the ‘whole' is more than the ‘sum of its parts.' the interdependence of the organism and the environment must provide the minimum requirements and nothing that is lethal. at the same time living organisms should also be able to successfully adapt themselves to their surroundings. it must be realized that the natural pressures of the environment continue to act on the living organisms and ecological studies relate to the ways by which they¬-singly or collectively –respond to these pressures or changes. the inability of many animals to cope up with the surroundings, has naturally led to their extinction from the surface of the earth. it may be said that dispersal or the ability of organisms to spread from their place of origin to another area, is a basic aspect of population ecology and without proper means of dispersal, many animal populations would have been eliminated over a period of time due to modifications of the envir
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Ecology deals with ‘the web of life' that entangles: (a) every species with the lives of others; and (b) each species with its non- living environment as a whole and each element or factor of that environment. the term organisms refer to all that is living and the term environment denotes everything external to the organisms and includes the physical environment such as climate and the biotic environment. odum (1959) has preferred to define ecology as "the study of the structure and function of nature." the total physical environment of any living organism is the biosphere, and parts of which are of direct or immediate importance to the organism constitute the "effective environment." the complex constituting the organism and the physical environment has now come to be known as ecosystem. ecology then, is the study of the inter-relationships within ecosystems. the environment devoted crop plants is the agro ecosystem, where both animals because there is always an interflow of matter and natural pressures of the environment continue to act on the living organisms and ecological studies relate to the ways or the ability of organisms to spread from their place of origin to another area, is a basic aspect of population ecology and without proper means of dispersal, many animal populations would have been eliminated over a period of time due to modifications of the envir
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