Ecology succession causes and process of succession
Answers
Answer:
Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. ... The "engine" of succession, the cause of ecosystem change, is the impact of established organisms upon their own environments.
Explanation:
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What is Ecological Succession?
The development of the biotic community in due course of time moving through various natural process is called an Ecological Succession. In other words, It is the evolution of the community throughout a long duration of time.
Causes of Ecological Succession:
The various causes of ecological succession are primarily divided in to 3 types:
A. Initiating Cause
These are the causes which begins the process of succession, usually natural disasters or minor natural factors like wind, soil erosion, fire, volcanic activity etc.
It harms the community making it triggered for accumulation of nutrients and formation of new life.
B. Ecesis
This is the process by which life begins to accumulate in the dead land. Immigration, migration, rainfall, mutualism, competition are the factors which begins the wave of community.
C. Stabilising cause
After enough growth of the community, it gradually reaches the carrying capacity and thereafter the growth of the community gets limited forming the Climax Community. Factors such as climate and altitude helps in stabilisation of the community.
General Process of Succession:
1. NUDATION
This process include formation of a lifeless area to begin the ecological succession. It includes Topography (landslide, deposition), climatic factors (fire, Strom, drought) or Biotic factors (human activity- pollution or deforestation).
2. INVASION
It is the First stage of development by arrival of new life via migration of seeds or spores. They successfully colonize and establish to grow and at the end the area is aggregated by that particular pioneer species.
3. INTERACTION
Due to accumulation of large individuals, competition begins for space and nutrition. The reproduction process starts upto their logistic capability. And new species begins to settle which starts mutualism and other population interactions.
4. REACTION
Due to influence of living organisms, the abiotic factors tends to change gradually- adjusting itself to expand and support more life. Soil becomes fertile by animals waste, pollination rate increases etc. However in long term, due to high population, the abiotic factors gets existed and the success stage collapse which result in formation of another community. Each such stags is called as Seral stages.
5. STABILIZATION:
After a long duration, due to impact of climate and other permanent factors of the latitude. A fully developed sere arises which establish itself with self sufficient factors forming the final Climax Community. It always tends to remain in equilibrium.
