economic growth is the dash concept option a. narrower option b. broader optionc. process option d. nature
Answers
Answer:
FRAMING MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)
Evaluation is one of the most important aspect of Teaching –learning Processes.
To assess the learning outcome on the part of learner from time to time to see the
attainment levels ,testing is one of the commonly and widely used technique .Test
items can be of many types i.e. Objective Type Questions, Very Short Answer
Type, Short Answers or Essay Type. In all these categories different forms of test
items can be prepared. For Objective Type –Fill in the Blanks, One Word Answer,
True False, Matching /Batching and Multiple Choice Test Questions can also be
formed. Recently CBSE has introduced 8 Mark MCQs in different disciplines at Sr.
Secondary Level in Boards. Preparing students to choose the correct answer
option for a given question out of the similar looking choices requires practice.
For this the teachers themselves should build capacities to prepare such MCQs
on different topics based on concepts and principles, It was conveyed by
teachers in different forums including Need identification Workshop that some
reading material on the techniques of preparing MCQs along with Exemplar on
some topics be covered in the Manual .In the following Section you will find some
useful material on the same.
Multiple Choice Test Questions, also known as items, can be an effective and
efficient way to assess learning outcomes. Multiple Choice Test Items have
several advantages which are as under-
Versatility: Multiple choice test items can be written to assess various levels of learning
outcomes like recall, application, analysis, and evaluation. However, because students
are choosing from a set of potential answers, multiple chose items are not an effective
way to test student's creativity or his ability to organize and articulate thoughts.
Reliability: A good test is consistent in measuring a learning outcome. Multiple choice
test items are less susceptible to guessing than true/false questions, making them a
more reliable means of assessment. When the number of MC items focused on a single
learning objective is increased test become more reliable. Scoring of multiple choice
items is objective and consistent unlike the scoring of essay questions.
Validity: Validity is the degree to which a test measures the stated learning outcomes.
Because students can answer a multiple choice item much more quickly than an essay
question, tests based on multiple choice items can cover wider range of course
material, thus increasing the validity of the assessment
Explanation:
A Multiple choice item consists of a problem, known as the STEM, and a list of
suggested solutions, known as ALTERNATIVES. There is one correct or best
alternative known as the ANSWER, and various incorrect or inferior alternatives, known
as DISTRACTORS.
1. The stem should be meaningful by itself. It should present a definite problem. A
stem that presents a definite problem focusing on the learning outcome and serve as a
direct test of student's achievement of the learning outcome. A stem that does not
present a clear problem, however, may test student's ability to draw inferences from
vague descriptions.
STEM IS NOT MEANINGFUL
Question: Which of the following is a true statement?
1 BOP is balanced when receipts of foreign exchange are more than payments of
foreign exchange.
2. BOP is surplus when receipts of foreign exchange are more than payments of
foreign exchange.
3 BOP is deficit when receipts of foreign exchange are more than payments of
foreign exchange.
4. BOP is autonomous when receipts of foreign exchange are more than payments of
foreign exchange.
BETTER STEM
Question: When receipts of foreign exchange are more than payments of foreign
exchange, BOP is
1 Balanced 2 Surplus
3 Deficit 4 Autonomous
2. The stem should not contain irrelevant material, which can decrease the reliability
and the validity of the test scores.
Question: 'Break-even point' is the point where-
(a) Investment = Savings (b) Consumption = Investment
(c) AD = AS (d) Consumption = Income
3. The stem should be negatively stated only when significant learning outcomes
require it. Students often have difficulty understanding items with negative phrasing. If
a significant learning outcome requires negative phrasing, the negative element shou