economic history of dahli saltanat
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Answer:
Inland and foreign trade flourished under the Sultans.
As for the internal trade we had the various classes of merchants and shopkeepers.
The main being The Gujaratis of the North, the Chettis of the South, Banjaras of Rajputana were the main traders.
Bigger deals of commodities were made in the 'Mandis.'
The native bankers or the Baniks used to give loans and receive deposits.
The chief articles of import were silks, velvets, embroidered stuff, horses, guns, gunpowder, and some precious metals.
The chief items of export were grain, cotton, precious stones, indigo, hides, opium, spices and sugar.
The countries affected by India in commerce were Iraq, Persia, Egypt, East Africa, Malaya, Java, Sumatra, China, Central Asia and Afghanistan.
Boat traffic on waterways and coastal trade along the seashore was more highly developed than now. Bengal exported sugar and rice as well as delicate muslin and silk.
The coast of Coromandel had become a centre of textile
Gujarat was now the entry point of foreign goods.
European Trade
Between the middle of the 16th century and the middle of the 18th century India’s overseas trade steadily expanded.
This was mainly due to the trading activities of the various European companies which came to India during this period.
But from the 7th century A.D. her seaborne trade passed into the hands of the Arabs, who dominated the Indian Ocean and the Red sea.
This monopoly of Indian trade by the Arabs, and the Venetians was sought to be broken by direct trade with India by the Portuguese.
The arrival of the Portuguese in India was followed by the advent of other European communities and soon India’s coastal and maritime trade was monopolised by the Europeans.
Tax Systems:
The Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate collected five categories of taxes which fall under the economic system of the empire.
These taxes are:
Ushr,
Kharaj,
Khams,
Jizya and
Zakat.
The main items of expenditure were expenses on the maintenance of the army, salaries of the civil officers and the personal expenditure of the Sultan
Transport and Communication:
Means of transport were cheap and adequate
Safety on the roads was satisfactory and could be covered by insurance.
The means of travel with Sarais at the distance of 5 kos on the principal highways was as good as in Europe at the time. This gave the people a sense of security.
The Mughals paid keen attention to the quality of roads and sarais which made communication easier.
A uniform tax was levied on goods at the point of their entry into the empire.
Road cases or Rahdari was declared illegal, though it continued to be collected by some of the local rajas. This was used to maintain good roads.
The Sultanate Period was in all a Golden Period which capitalized well on both land and people of India.
Explanation:
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